0000868671-26-000023 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Variable Interest Entities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Variable Interest Entities
Carrying value of equity investments in LIHTCs	$ 216,650,000	$ 203,124,000
Investment, Proportional Amortization Method, Elected, Statement Of Financial Position Extensible Enumeration Not Disclosed Flag	216,650,000
CDE
Variable Interest Entities
Tax credit period	7 years
LIHTC
Variable Interest Entities
Tax credit period	10 years
Tax credit compliance period	15 years
Impairment losses	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

Federal and State Income Taxes - Summary of Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current
Federal	$ 41,456	$ 23,695	$ 27,626
State	13,830	9,857	16,548
Total current income tax expense	55,286	33,552	44,174
Deferred
Federal	(3,493)	2,010	404
State	(573)	598	103
Total deferred income tax (benefit) expense	(4,066)	2,608	507
Total income tax expense	51,220	36,160	44,681
Tax benefit of operating loss carryforwards	$ 359	$ 307	$ 313

Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Net Carrying Value of Core Deposit Intangibles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Net Core Deposit Intangibles and Aggregate Amortization Expense
Net carrying value	$ 105,269	$ 51,182
Aggregate amortization expense	15,887	12,757	$ 9,731
Estimated Amortization Expense
2026	19,177
2027	17,593
2028	13,411
2029	11,319
2030	9,576
Core Deposits Intangibles
Net Core Deposit Intangibles and Aggregate Amortization Expense
Gross carrying value	180,608	120,912	95,120
Accumulated amortization	(75,339)	(69,730)	(63,250)
Net carrying value	105,269	51,182	31,870
Aggregate amortization expense	$ 15,887	$ 12,757	$ 9,731

Regulatory Capital (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Banking and Thrift, Interest [Abstract]

Capital adequacy guidelines and compliance

The following tables illustrate the FRB’s adequacy guidelines and the Company’s and the Bank’s compliance with those guidelines:


	December 31, 2025
	Actual				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	3,401,511	14.76	%	$	1,843,428	8.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	3,201,454		13.91	%	1,841,635		8.00	%	$	2,302,044	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	2,929,300		12.71	%	1,382,571		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,916,743		12.67	%	1,381,226		6.00	%	1,841,635		8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	2,929,300		12.71	%	1,036,928		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,916,743		12.67	%	1,035,920		4.50	%	1,496,329		6.50	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Consolidated	2,929,300		9.36	%	1,251,361		4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,916,743		9.33	%	1,250,510		4.00	%	1,563,137		5.00	%


	December 31, 2024
	Actual				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	2,805,336	14.49	%	$	1,548,647	8.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,629,308		13.59	%	1,547,240		8.00	%	$	1,934,050	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	2,456,084		12.69	%	1,161,486		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,410,556		12.46	%	1,160,430		6.00	%	1,547,240		8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	2,456,084		12.69	%	871,114		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,410,556		12.46	%	870,323		4.50	%	1,257,133		6.50	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Consolidated	2,456,084		8.93	%	1,099,921		4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,410,556		8.77	%	1,099,231		4.00	%	1,374,039		5.00	%

______________________________

N/A - Not applicable

Borrowings - Summary of Repurchase Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Repurchase agreements	$ 2,084,113	$ 1,777,475
Overnight and Continuous
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Repurchase agreements	2,084,113	1,777,475
U.S. government and federal agency \| Overnight and Continuous
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Repurchase agreements	308,437	0
Residential mortgage-backed securities \| Overnight and Continuous
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Repurchase agreements	$ 1,775,676	$ 1,777,475

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.32	$ 1.32	$ 1.32

Loans Receivable, Net - ACL Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	$ 206,041	$ 192,757	$ 182,283
Acquisitions	154	3
Provision for credit losses	61,846	27,179	20,790
Charge-offs	(18,682)	(18,626)	(15,095)
Recoveries	5,960	4,728	4,779
Balance at end of period	255,319	206,041	192,757
Residential Real Estate
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	25,181	22,325	19,683
Acquisitions	6	0
Provision for credit losses	6,415	2,862	2,645
Charge-offs	(1)	(40)	(20)
Recoveries	274	34	17
Balance at end of period	31,875	25,181	22,325
Commercial Real Estate
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	138,545	130,924	125,816
Acquisitions	16	3
Provision for credit losses	30,069	10,446	6,748
Charge-offs	(2,294)	(2,896)	(2,080)
Recoveries	467	68	440
Balance at end of period	166,803	138,545	130,924
Other Commercial
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	24,400	21,194	21,454
Acquisitions	15	0
Provision for credit losses	17,107	7,162	1,996
Charge-offs	(6,258)	(5,778)	(3,891)
Recoveries	2,690	1,822	1,635
Balance at end of period	37,954	24,400	21,194
Home Equity
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	11,402	11,766	10,759
Acquisitions	0	0
Provision for credit losses	271	(369)	969
Charge-offs	(106)	(131)	(129)
Recoveries	78	136	167
Balance at end of period	11,645	11,402	11,766
Other Consumer
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	6,513	6,548	4,571
Acquisitions	117	0
Provision for credit losses	7,984	7,078	8,432
Charge-offs	(10,023)	(9,781)	(8,975)
Recoveries	2,451	2,668	2,520
Balance at end of period	$ 7,042	$ 6,513	$ 6,548

Loans Receivable, Net - Modified Loans Performance, Aging Analysis, (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	$ 14,817	$ 55,032
Non-Accrual	1,219	3,589
Current
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	12,567	50,414
30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	1,031	1,029
90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	0	0
Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	853
Non-Accrual	853
Residential Real Estate \| Current
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	0
Residential Real Estate \| 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	0
Residential Real Estate \| 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	0
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	3,310	40,843
Non-Accrual	89	3,258
Commercial Real Estate \| Current
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	3,221	37,585
Commercial Real Estate \| 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	0	0
Commercial Real Estate \| 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	0	0
Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	10,654	14,189
Non-Accrual	277	331
Other Commercial \| Current
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	9,346	12,829
Other Commercial \| 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	1,031	1,029
Other Commercial \| 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Total	$ 0	$ 0

Premises and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, consist of the following:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Land	$	100,599	84,402
Buildings and construction in progress	453,374		395,458
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	119,701		123,901
Leasehold improvements	20,631		15,950
Accumulated depreciation	(208,121)		(207,743)
Net premises and equipment	$	486,184	$	411,968

The Company capitalized interest related to assets of $0 and $618,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company had $7,532,000, and $8,122,000 of premises held for sale at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Debt Securities - Gain or Loss on Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Available-for-sale
Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities	$ 319,248	$ 251,295	$ 31,944
Gross realized gains	0	782	145
Gross realized losses	0	(725)	(176)
Held-to-maturity
Proceeds from calls of debt securities	15,140	14,295	18,125
Gross realized gains	0	0	10
Gross realized losses	$ 0	$ (27)	$ (193)

Regulatory Capital

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Banking and Thrift, Interest [Abstract]

Regulatory Capital

The Federal Reserve adopted capital adequacy guidelines that are used to assess the adequacy of capital in supervising a bank holding company. The guidelines require the Company to hold a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. The Company has elected to opt-out of the requirement to include accumulated other comprehensive income in Common Equity Tier 1 capital. As of December 31, 2025, management believes the Company and Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide the following classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized. If undercapitalized, capital distributions (including payment of a dividend) are generally restricted, as is paying management fees to its bank holding company. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements set forth in the table below can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s and Bank’s financial condition. The Company’s and Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Company and Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total capital, Tier 1

capital, Common Tier 1 capital and Tier 1 Leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. There are no conditions or events since December 31, 2025 that management believes have changed the Company’s or Bank’s risk-based capital category.

Current guidance from the Federal Reserve provides, among other things, that dividends per share on the Company’s common stock generally should not exceed earnings per share, measured over the previous four fiscal quarters. In certain circumstances, Montana law also places limits or restrictions on a bank’s ability to declare and pay dividends.

The following tables illustrate the FRB’s adequacy guidelines and the Company’s and the Bank’s compliance with those guidelines:


	December 31, 2025
	Actual				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	3,401,511	14.76	%	$	1,843,428	8.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	3,201,454		13.91	%	1,841,635		8.00	%	$	2,302,044	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	2,929,300		12.71	%	1,382,571		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,916,743		12.67	%	1,381,226		6.00	%	1,841,635		8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	2,929,300		12.71	%	1,036,928		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,916,743		12.67	%	1,035,920		4.50	%	1,496,329		6.50	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Consolidated	2,929,300		9.36	%	1,251,361		4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,916,743		9.33	%	1,250,510		4.00	%	1,563,137		5.00	%


	December 31, 2024
	Actual				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	2,805,336	14.49	%	$	1,548,647	8.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,629,308		13.59	%	1,547,240		8.00	%	$	1,934,050	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	2,456,084		12.69	%	1,161,486		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,410,556		12.46	%	1,160,430		6.00	%	1,547,240		8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	2,456,084		12.69	%	871,114		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,410,556		12.46	%	870,323		4.50	%	1,257,133		6.50	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Consolidated	2,456,084		8.93	%	1,099,921		4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Glacier Bank	2,410,556		8.77	%	1,099,231		4.00	%	1,374,039		5.00	%

______________________________

N/A - Not applicable

- Definition

The entire disclosure for regulatory capital requirement for depository and lending institutions. Institutions include, but not are not limited to, finance company, insured depository institution, bank holding company, savings and loan association holding company, bank and savings institution not federally insured, mortgage company, foreign financial institution and credit union.

+ References + Details

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance	$ 3,223,854	$ 3,020,281	$ 2,843,305
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	138,030	64,974	93,912
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	142,186	64,817	94,679
Balance	4,213,821	3,223,854	3,020,281
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance	(309,296)	(374,113)	(468,792)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	142,186	64,817	94,679
Balance	(167,110)	(309,296)	(374,113)
AOCI, Accumulated Gain (Loss), Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Gains and Transfers Included in Net Income, and Accumulated Gain (Loss), Net, Cash Flow Hedge
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Reclassification adjustments	(47)	(3,705)	(3,428)
(Losses) Gains on Available-For-Sale and Transferred Debt Securities
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance	(309,836)	(377,728)	(474,338)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	138,550	64,386	92,391
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	142,753	67,892	96,610
Balance	(167,083)	(309,836)	(377,728)
Reclassification adjustments for losses and transfers included in net income
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Reclassification adjustments	0	(42)	24
Reclassifications adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Reclassification adjustments	4,203	3,548	4,195
(Losses) Gains on Derivatives Used for Cash Flow Hedges
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance	540	3,615	5,546
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(493)	588	1,521
Reclassification adjustments	(47)	(3,663)	(3,452)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	(540)	(3,075)	(1,931)
Balance	0	$ 540	$ 3,615
(Losses) Gains on Derivatives Used for Fair Value Hedges
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(27)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	(27)
Balance	$ (27)

Deposits - Scheduled Maturities of Time Deposits (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($)
Maturities of Time Deposits
2026	$ 3,720,798
2027	110,488
2028	31,641
2029	15,129
2030	50,144
Thereafter	350
Total	$ 3,928,550

Loans Receivable, Net - Summary of Loans Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	$ 20,927,796	$ 17,261,849
Allowance for credit losses	(255,319)	(206,041)	$ (192,757)	$ (182,283)
Loans receivable, net	20,672,477	17,055,808
Net deferred origination (fees) costs included in loans receivable	(32,715)	(29,187)
Net purchase accounting (discounts) premiums included in loans receivable	(76,963)	(34,361)
Accrued interest receivable on loans	$ 94,251	$ 73,935
Financing Receivable, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Interest Receivable	Interest Receivable
Residential Real Estate
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	$ 2,457,907	$ 1,858,929
Allowance for credit losses	(31,875)	(25,181)	(22,325)	(19,683)
Commercial Real Estate
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	13,565,512	10,963,713
Allowance for credit losses	(166,803)	(138,545)	(130,924)	(125,816)
Other Commercial
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	3,497,829	3,119,535
Allowance for credit losses	(37,954)	(24,400)	(21,194)	(21,454)
Home Equity
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	977,206	930,994
Allowance for credit losses	(11,645)	(11,402)	(11,766)	(10,759)
Other Consumer
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	429,342	388,678
Allowance for credit losses	$ (7,042)	$ (6,513)	$ (6,548)	$ (4,571)

Premises and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation

Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, consist of the following:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Land	$	100,599	84,402
Buildings and construction in progress	453,374		395,458
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	119,701		123,901
Leasehold improvements	20,631		15,950
Accumulated depreciation	(208,121)		(207,743)
Net premises and equipment	$	486,184	$	411,968

Stock-based Compensation Plan - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
Stock-based Compensation Plan - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($) plan shares	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares
Stock-based Compensation Plans
Number of stock-based compensation plans \| plan	2
Shares available to grant to employees and directors (in shares) \| shares	1,576,952
Options [Abstract]
Options outstanding (in shares) \| shares	285,458	2,365
Options granted (in shares) \| shares	0	0	0
Unrecognized compensation costs	$ 0
Options, exercised in period, intrinsic value	607,000	$ 65,000	$ 24,000
Exercise of option, tax benefit	9,000	0	0
Proceeds from stock option exercises	$ 1,059,000	113,000	75,000
Stock options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual term	5 years 6 months
Stock options outstanding, intrinsic value	$ 4,281,000
2019 Heritage Bank
Options [Abstract]
Options outstanding (in shares) \| shares	2,365
Restricted Stock Units
Stock-based Compensation Plans
Vesting period	3 years
Compensation expense related to stock-based compensation plans	$ 8,076,000	7,919,000	7,895,000
Income tax benefit related to compensation expense	2,002,000	1,973,000	1,976,000
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 8,262,000
Unrecognized compensation expense, recognized over weighted-average period	1 year 10 months 24 days
Restricted Stock Units
Fair value of units that vested	$ 8,351,000	7,989,000	7,410,000
Tax benefit of units that vested	$ 2,207,000	$ 1,602,000	$ 1,691,000
Average remaining contractual term on non-vested units	10 months 24 days
Aggregate intrinsic value of non-vested units	$ 13,101,000
Employee Stock Option
Stock-based Compensation Plans
Compensation expense related to stock-based compensation plans	$ 0

Regulatory Capital (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Regulatory Capital
Capital conservation buffer	2.50%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, Amount	$ 3,401,511	$ 2,805,336
Actual, Ratio	0.1476	0.1449
Minimum capital requirement, Amount	$ 1,843,428	$ 1,548,647
Minimum capital requirement, Ratio	0.0800	0.0800
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, Amount	$ 2,929,300	$ 2,456,084
Actual, Ratio	0.1271	0.1269
Minimum capital requirement, Amount	$ 1,382,571	$ 1,161,486
Minimum capital requirement, Ratio	0.0600	0.0600
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, Amount	$ 2,929,300	$ 2,456,084
Actual, Ratio	0.1271	0.1269
Minimum capital requirement, Amount	$ 1,036,928	$ 871,114
Minimum capital requirement, Ratio	4.50%	4.50%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Actual, Amount	$ 2,929,300	$ 2,456,084
Actual, Ratio	0.0936	0.0893
Minimum capital requirement, Amount	$ 1,251,361	$ 1,099,921
Minimum capital requirement, Ratio	0.0400	0.0400
Glacier Bank
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, Amount	$ 3,201,454	$ 2,629,308
Actual, Ratio	0.1391	0.1359
Minimum capital requirement, Amount	$ 1,841,635	$ 1,547,240
Minimum capital requirement, Ratio	0.0800	0.0800
Well capitalized requirement, Amount	$ 2,302,044	$ 1,934,050
Well capitalized requirement, Ratio	0.1000	0.1000
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, Amount	$ 2,916,743	$ 2,410,556
Actual, Ratio	0.1267	0.1246
Minimum capital requirement, Amount	$ 1,381,226	$ 1,160,430
Minimum capital requirement, Ratio	0.0600	0.0600
Well capitalized requirement, Amount	$ 1,841,635	$ 1,547,240
Well capitalized requirement, Ratio	0.0800	0.0800
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, Amount	$ 2,916,743	$ 2,410,556
Actual, Ratio	0.1267	0.1246
Minimum capital requirement, Amount	$ 1,035,920	$ 870,323
Minimum capital requirement, Ratio	4.50%	4.50%
Well capitalized requirement, Amount	$ 1,496,329	$ 1,257,133
Well capitalized requirement, Ratio	6.50%	6.50%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Actual, Amount	$ 2,916,743	$ 2,410,556
Actual, Ratio	0.0933	0.0877
Minimum capital requirement, Amount	$ 1,250,510	$ 1,099,231
Minimum capital requirement, Ratio	0.0400	0.0400
Well capitalized requirement, Amount	$ 1,563,137	$ 1,374,039
Well capitalized requirement, Ratio	0.0500	0.0500

Borrowings (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Carrying value of repurchase agreements by maturity and category of collateral

The following tables summarize the carrying value of the Company’s repurchase agreements by remaining contractual maturity and category of collateral:


	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(Dollars in thousands)	Overnight and Continuous
U.S. government and federal agency	$	308,437	—



Residential mortgage-backed securities	1,775,676		1,777,475

Total	$	2,084,113	1,777,475

FHLB Scheduled Maturities

The scheduled maturities of FHLB advances consist of the following:


	December 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Weighted Rate		Amount		Weighted Rate
Maturing within one year	$	440,000	4.61	%	$	1,360,000	4.79	%
Maturing one year through two years	—		—	%	440,000		4.61	%
Maturing two years through three years	—		—	%	—		—	%
Maturing three years through four years	—		—	%	—		—	%
Maturing four years through five years	—		—	%	—		—	%
Thereafter	—		—	%	—		—	%
Total	$	440,000	4.61	%	$	1,800,000	4.75	%

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Basic and diluted earnings per share

Basic and diluted earnings per share has been computed based on the following:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Net income available to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	239,028	190,144	222,927
Average outstanding shares - basic	119,753,227		113,170,157	110,864,501
Add: dilutive restricted stock units and stock options	181,829		73,270	25,946
Average outstanding shares - diluted	119,935,056		113,243,427	110,890,447
Basic earnings per share	$	2.00	1.68	2.01
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.99	1.68	2.01
Restricted stock units and stock options excluded from the diluted average outstanding share calculation 1	3,666		461	223,626

______________________________

1 Anti-dilution occurs when the unrecognized compensation cost per share of a restricted stock unit or the exercise price of a stock option exceeds the market price of the Company’s stock.

Borrowings - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	$ 2,084,113	$ 1,777,475
Debt securities, available-for-sale	4,007,512	4,245,205
Lines of credit	530,000
Other borrowings	51,473	62,062
Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Other borrowings	10,251	10,251
Asset Pledged as Collateral \| Repurchase agreements
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt securities, available-for-sale	$ 2,432,683	$ 2,184,627

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 8A
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-8A

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 235
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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-Section S50
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (a)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69E

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69F

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (a)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D

Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F

Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 835
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2

Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 835
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1

+ Details

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	$ 4,007,512	$ 4,245,205
Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Loans held for sale, at fair value	39,186	33,060
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	4,049,770	4,288,682
U.S. government and federal agency
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	255,930	468,433
U.S. government and federal agency \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	255,930	468,433
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	312,488	310,154
U.S. government sponsored enterprises \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	312,488	310,154
State and local governments
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	164,084	68,680
State and local governments \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	164,084	68,680
Corporate bonds
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	33,949	14,503
Corporate bonds \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	33,949	14,503
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	2,215,119	2,355,516
Residential mortgage-backed securities \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	2,215,119	2,355,516
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	1,025,942	1,027,919
Commercial mortgage-backed securities \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	1,025,942	1,027,919
Interest rate caps \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset	2,128	720
Interest rate Swap \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset	244	9,287
Interest rate locks \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset	700	410
Level 1 \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Loans held for sale, at fair value	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Level 1 \| U.S. government and federal agency \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 \| U.S. government sponsored enterprises \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 \| State and local governments \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 \| Corporate bonds \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 \| Residential mortgage-backed securities \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 \| Commercial mortgage-backed securities \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 \| Interest rate caps \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset		0
Level 1 \| Interest rate Swap \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset		0
Level 1 \| Interest rate locks \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset	0	0
Level 2 \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Loans held for sale, at fair value	39,186	33,060
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	4,049,770	4,288,682
Level 2 \| U.S. government and federal agency \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	255,930	468,433
Level 2 \| U.S. government sponsored enterprises \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	312,488	310,154
Level 2 \| State and local governments \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	164,084	68,680
Level 2 \| Corporate bonds \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	33,949	14,503
Level 2 \| Residential mortgage-backed securities \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	2,215,119	2,355,516
Level 2 \| Commercial mortgage-backed securities \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	1,025,942	1,027,919
Level 2 \| Interest rate caps \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset	2,128	720
Level 2 \| Interest rate Swap \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset	244	9,287
Level 2 \| Interest rate locks \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset	700	410
Level 3 \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Loans held for sale, at fair value	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Level 3 \| U.S. government and federal agency \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 \| U.S. government sponsored enterprises \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 \| State and local governments \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 \| Corporate bonds \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 \| Residential mortgage-backed securities \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 \| Commercial mortgage-backed securities \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 \| Interest rate caps \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset		0
Level 3 \| Interest rate Swap \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset		0
Level 3 \| Interest rate locks \| Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Derivative asset	$ 0	$ 0

Debt Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Debt Securities

The following tables present the amortized cost, the gross unrealized gains and losses and the fair value of the Company’s debt securities:


	December 31, 2025
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	257,758	156	(1,984)	255,930
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	315,675		86	(3,273)	312,488
State and local governments	165,305		1,035	(2,256)	164,084
Corporate bonds	33,691		279	(21)	33,949
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,391,698		1,417	(177,996)	2,215,119
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,069,563		790	(44,411)	1,025,942
Total available-for-sale	4,233,690		3,763	(229,941)	4,007,512
Held-to-maturity
U.S. government and federal agency	865,696		—	(24,129)	841,567
State and local governments	1,587,673		1,341	(175,623)	1,413,391
Residential mortgage-backed securities	656,847		224	(31,913)	625,158
Total held-to-maturity	3,110,216		1,565	(231,665)	2,880,116
Total debt securities	$	7,343,906	5,328	(461,606)	6,887,628


	December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	484,082	5	(15,654)	468,433
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	323,854		—	(13,700)	310,154
State and local governments	71,737		215	(3,272)	68,680
Corporate bonds	14,818		—	(315)	14,503
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,660,330		5	(304,819)	2,355,516
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,101,489		2	(73,572)	1,027,919
Total available-for-sale	4,656,310		227	(411,332)	4,245,205
Held-to-maturity
U.S. government and federal agency	859,432		—	(54,496)	804,936
State and local governments	1,619,850		810	(209,502)	1,411,158
Residential mortgage-backed securities	815,565		—	(63,089)	752,476
Total held-to-maturity	3,294,847		810	(327,087)	2,968,570
Total debt securities	$	7,951,157	1,037	(738,419)	7,213,775

Maturity Analysis

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of AFS and HTM debt securities by contractual maturity at December 31, 2025. Actual maturities may differ from expected or contractual maturities since some issuers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.


	December 31, 2025
	Available-for-Sale			Held-to-Maturity
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value
Due within one year	$	465,404	462,434	297,756	293,095
Due after one year through five years	169,457		167,634	684,897	664,079
Due after five years through ten years	81,558		81,003	274,562	263,672
Due after ten years	56,010		55,380	1,196,154	1,034,112
	772,429		766,451	2,453,369	2,254,958
Mortgage-backed securities 1	3,461,261		3,241,061	656,847	625,158
Total	$	4,233,690	4,007,512	3,110,216	2,880,116

______________________________

1 Mortgage-backed securities, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their prepayment speeds.

Sales and Calls of Debt Securities

Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities and the associated gains and losses that have been included in earnings in gain (loss) on sale of securities are listed below:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Available-for-sale
Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities	$	319,248	251,295	31,944
Gross realized gains 1	—		782	145
Gross realized losses 1	—		(725)	(176)
Held-to-maturity
Proceeds from calls of debt securities	15,140		14,295	18,125
Gross realized gains 1	—		—	10
Gross realized losses 1	—		(27)	(193)

______________________________

1 The gain or loss on the sale or call of each debt security is determined by the specific identification method.

In 2023, the Company also had a gain of $1,700,000 on the sale of all of the Company’s Visa class B shares which was included in the gain on sale of securities. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had debt securities with carrying values of $5,094,941,000 and $4,254,268,000, respectively, pledged as collateral to FHLB, FRB, securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”), and for deposits of several state and local government units.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-For-Sale Debt Securities

In assessing whether a credit loss existed on AFS debt securities with unrealized losses, the Company compared the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the debt securities with the amortized cost basis of the debt securities. In addition, the following factors were evaluated individually and collectively in determining the existence of expected credit losses:

•credit ratings from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSRO” entities such as Standard and Poor’s [“S&P”] and Moody’s);

•extent to which the fair value is less than cost;

•adverse conditions, if any, specifically related to the impaired securities, including the industry and geographic area;

•the overall deal and payment structure of the debt securities, including the investor entity’s position within the structure, underlying obligors, financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, including specific events which may affect the issuer’s operations or future earnings, and credit support or enhancements; and

•failure of the issuer and underlying obligors, if any, to make scheduled payments of interest and principal.

The following table summarizes AFS debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position for which an ACL has not been recorded, based on the length of time the individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position. The number of available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized position is also disclosed.


	December 31, 2025
	Number of Securities	Less than 12 Months			12 Months or More		Total
(Dollars in thousands)		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss	Fair Value	Unrealized Loss	Fair Value	Unrealized Loss
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	39	$	55,231	(82)	179,092	(1,902)	234,323	(1,984)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	12	—		—	302,962	(3,273)	302,962	(3,273)
State and local governments	88	36,534		(83)	46,762	(2,173)	83,296	(2,256)
Corporate bonds	2	—		—	13,980	(21)	13,980	(21)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	376	28,843		(42)	1,983,182	(177,954)	2,012,025	(177,996)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	142	62,427		(215)	864,907	(44,196)	927,334	(44,411)
Total available-for-sale	659	$	183,035	(422)	3,390,885	(229,519)	3,573,920	(229,941)


	December 31, 2024
	Number of Securities	Less than 12 Months			12 Months or More		Total
(Dollars in thousands)		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss	Fair Value	Unrealized Loss	Fair Value	Unrealized Loss
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	55	$	3,756	(34)	463,151	(15,620)	466,907	(15,654)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	14	—		—	310,154	(13,700)	310,154	(13,700)
State and local governments	50	3,653		(35)	49,748	(3,237)	53,401	(3,272)
Corporate bonds	2	—		—	13,707	(315)	13,707	(315)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	389	13,535		(240)	2,341,700	(304,579)	2,355,235	(304,819)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	152	36,466		(1,042)	986,809	(72,530)	1,023,275	(73,572)
Total available-for-sale	662	$	57,410	(1,351)	4,165,269	(409,981)	4,222,679	(411,332)

With respect to severity, the majority of AFS debt securities with unrealized loss positions at December 31, 2025 were issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) and other agencies of the U.S. government or have credit ratings issued by one or more of the NRSRO entities in the four highest credit rating categories. All of the Company’s AFS debt securities with unrealized loss positions at December 31, 2025 have been determined to be investment grade.

The Company did not have any past due AFS debt securities as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on AFS debt securities totaled $9,619,000 and $8,037,000 at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Based on an analysis of its AFS debt securities with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2025, the Company determined the decline in value was unrelated to credit losses and was primarily the result of changes in interest rates and market spreads subsequent to acquisition. The fair value of the debt securities is expected to recover as payments are received and the debt securities approach maturity. In addition, as of December 31, 2025, management determined it did not intend to sell AFS debt securities with unrealized losses, and there was no expected requirement to sell such securities before recovery of their amortized cost. As a result, no ACL was recorded on AFS debt securities at December 31, 2025. As part of this determination, the Company considered contractual obligations, regulatory constraints, liquidity, capital, asset/liability management and securities portfolio objectives and whether or not any of the Company’s investment securities were managed by third-party investment funds.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Held-To-Maturity Debt Securities

The Company measured expected credit losses on HTM debt securities on a collective basis by major security type and NRSRO credit ratings, which is the Company’s primary credit quality indicator for state and local government securities. The estimate of expected credit losses considered historical credit loss information that was adjusted for current conditions as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of HTM municipal bonds aggregated by NRSRO credit rating:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Municipal bonds held-to-maturity
S&P: AAA / Moody’s: Aaa	$	397,328	414,147
S&P: AA+, AA, AA- / Moody’s: Aa1, Aa2, Aa3	1,155,450		1,168,491
S&P: A+, A, A- / Moody’s: A1, A2, A3	29,093		33,585

Not rated by either entity	5,802		3,627

Total municipal bonds held-to-maturity	$	1,587,673	1,619,850

The Company’s municipal bonds in the HTM debt securities portfolio is primarily comprised of general obligation and revenue bonds with NRSRO ratings in the four highest credit rating categories. All of the Company’s municipal bonds that are classified as HTM debt securities at December 31, 2025 have been determined to be investment grade. HTM debt securities included in the Company’s U.S. government and federal agency and residential mortgage-backed security categories are issued and guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae and other agencies of the U.S. government and are considered to be zero-loss securities. This determination is in consideration of the explicit and implicit guarantees by the US Government, the US Government’s ability to print its own currency, a history of no credit losses by the US Government and noted agencies and the current economic and financial condition of the United States and US Government providing no indication the zero-loss determination is unjustified.

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company did not have any HTM debt securities past due. Accrued interest receivable on HTM debt securities totaled $16,175,000 and $16,538,000 at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and were excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Based on the Company’s evaluation, an insignificant amount of credit losses is expected on the HTM debt securities portfolio; therefore, no ACL was recorded at December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure	12 Months Ended
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure	Dec. 31, 2025
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]	Cybersecurity has become a significant issue for financial institutions around the globe, and the Company is no exception. The Company’s management has integrated cybersecurity issues into the Company’s overall risk management system by making cybersecurity risk a key focus of its internal Strategic Technology Committee, Enterprise Risk Management Committee, and Board Risk Oversight Committee. These committees are provided regular updates on the Bank’s cybersecurity risk management program. The Company has implemented a variety of mechanisms that are designed to detect, identify, assess, manage, and respond to material risks from cybersecurity threats. The Company’s processes for identifying, assessing, and managing cybersecurity risks include: •a rigorous internal audit process to evaluate the Company’s cybersecurity strategies, with the Audit Committee apprised of risks or control failures that are identified during the audit; •participation in multiple peer-sharing networks to obtain industry-wide intelligence regarding specific cybersecurity threats and industry best practices to minimize cybersecurity risks; •participation in simulated cyber-event tabletop exercises designed to test the Company’s incident response capabilities and the robustness of its cybersecurity program; •an information security program that is regularly reviewed, tested, and updated, and includes vulnerability and patch management programs, incident response planning, security monitoring, employee training, and security awareness testing; •cybersecurity insurance to mitigate the financial impact of a cybersecurity incident on the Company’s business and financial condition; and •periodic regulatory examinations that include an assessment of the Company’s cybersecurity management, processes, and controls. In addition to the internal programs outlined above, the Company engages with external cybersecurity experts to conduct thorough evaluations of the Company’s cybersecurity processes and controls. These third-party consultants conduct periodic comprehensive vulnerability and penetration testing, alongside audits of high-risk technology systems designed to evaluate the efficacy of the Company’s cybersecurity measures. The Company has also retained a third-party cybersecurity firm to assist with the Company’s response to any future cybersecurity breaches. In order to identify material risks from cybersecurity threats associated with the use of third-party service providers, such as bank operations technology, payroll and benefits administrators, and professional service providers, the Company has established a dedicated department within Enterprise Risk Management. This department manages risks of third-parties and evaluates cybersecurity risks associated with the Company’s third-party service providers with the Bank’s Information Technology Department.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block]	The Company’s management has integrated cybersecurity issues into the Company’s overall risk management system by making cybersecurity risk a key focus of its internal Strategic Technology Committee, Enterprise Risk Management Committee, and Board Risk Oversight Committee. These committees are provided regular updates on the Bank’s cybersecurity risk management program. The Company has implemented a variety of mechanisms that are designed to detect, identify, assess, manage, and respond to material risks from cybersecurity threats. The Company’s processes for identifying, assessing, and managing cybersecurity risks include: •a rigorous internal audit process to evaluate the Company’s cybersecurity strategies, with the Audit Committee apprised of risks or control failures that are identified during the audit; •participation in multiple peer-sharing networks to obtain industry-wide intelligence regarding specific cybersecurity threats and industry best practices to minimize cybersecurity risks; •participation in simulated cyber-event tabletop exercises designed to test the Company’s incident response capabilities and the robustness of its cybersecurity program; •an information security program that is regularly reviewed, tested, and updated, and includes vulnerability and patch management programs, incident response planning, security monitoring, employee training, and security awareness testing; •cybersecurity insurance to mitigate the financial impact of a cybersecurity incident on the Company’s business and financial condition; and •periodic regulatory examinations that include an assessment of the Company’s cybersecurity management, processes, and controls.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag]	false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block]	The Board's Risk Oversight Committee is responsible for oversight and monitoring of the Company’s cyber risk management profile and related programs. In an effort to ensure transparency and provide appropriate oversight and monitoring, the Chief Risk Officer and Chief Information Security Officer present detailed reports to the Risk Oversight Committee on a quarterly basis. These reports address the current landscape of cybersecurity threats, any notable recent incidents, and a summary of emerging cybersecurity trends. The Board is also regularly furnished with key risk indicators and defined risk parameters with respect to the Company’s cybersecurity program. The Board reviews and approves the Company’s cybersecurity policies at least biennially.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]	The Board's Risk Oversight Committee is responsible for oversight and monitoring of the Company’s cyber risk management profile and related programs.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]	In an effort to ensure transparency and provide appropriate oversight and monitoring, the Chief Risk Officer and Chief Information Security Officer present detailed reports to the Risk Oversight Committee on a quarterly basis.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block]	Management's role in assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats is an important and multifaceted component of the Company’s cybersecurity. Appropriate members of the Company’s senior management, including the Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”), Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) and Chief Information Officer (“CIO”), are responsible for assessing and managing cybersecurity risks, which involves an ongoing process of identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and addressing the Company's cybersecurity threats.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block]	The Board's Risk Oversight Committee is responsible for oversight and monitoring of the Company’s cyber risk management profile and related programs. In an effort to ensure transparency and provide appropriate oversight and monitoring, the Chief Risk Officer and Chief Information Security Officer present detailed reports to the Risk Oversight Committee on a quarterly basis. These reports address the current landscape of cybersecurity threats, any notable recent incidents, and a summary of emerging cybersecurity trends. The Board is also regularly furnished with key risk indicators and defined risk parameters with respect to the Company’s cybersecurity program. The Board reviews and approves the Company’s cybersecurity policies at least biennially. Management's role in assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats is an important and multifaceted component of the Company’s cybersecurity. Appropriate members of the Company’s senior management, including the Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”), Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) and Chief Information Officer (“CIO”), are responsible for assessing and managing cybersecurity risks, which involves an ongoing process of identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and addressing the Company's cybersecurity threats.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block]	The Company employs management and staff members who hold top cybersecurity certifications and have acquired the expertise needed to manage the Company’s cybersecurity program, including a range of technical skills such as intrusion detection, network security control, security incident management, and risk assessment. These management and staff members also participate in structured ongoing training to keep current with industry trends and cybersecurity threats. The CISO has a degree in Business Administration, Finance, and Risk Management from Washington State University. The CISO has over 25 years of experience in cybersecurity and information security. The CISO has maintained a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certification for over 20 years. The CRO has a degree in Business Administration and Finance from the University of Montana. The CRO has over 25 years of combined experience with financial institution risk management, including prior experience as a bank regulator and a credit risk management consultant. The CIO has dual degrees in Accounting and Computer Science from the University of Montana. The CIO has over 32 years of experience managing information technology at the Company.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block]	The processes by which the relevant members of management are informed about and manage the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents include conducting cybersecurity risk assessments, establishing network access controls, creating a vulnerability management program, and continuous monitoring for threats.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag]	true

Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of core deposit intangibles

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s core deposit intangibles and other intangibles:


	At or for the Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Gross carrying value	$	180,608	120,912	95,120
Accumulated amortization	(75,339)		(69,730)	(63,250)
Net carrying value	$	105,269	51,182	31,870
Aggregate amortization expense	$	15,887	12,757	9,731
Estimated amortization expense for the years ending December 31,
2026	$	19,177
2027	17,593
2028	13,411
2029	11,319
2030	9,576

Schedule of changes in goodwill

The following schedule discloses the changes in the carrying value of goodwill:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Net carrying value at beginning of period	$	1,051,318	985,393	985,393
Acquisitions and adjustments	326,965		65,925	—
Net carrying value at end of period	$	1,378,283	1,051,318	985,393

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 24
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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-Paragraph 1
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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+ Details

Subordinated Debentures - Narrative (Details) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Subordinated Debentures - Narrative (Details) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($) quarter
Debt Instruments [Abstract]
Maximum number of consecutive quarters for deferral of interest payments on trust preferred securities \| quarter	20
Size of company eligible for Tier 1 grandfather provision \| $	$ 15

Variable Interest Entities - Amortization Expense and Tax Credits and Other Tax Benefits (Details) - LIHTC - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Amortization expense	$ 24,038	$ 19,076	$ 15,178
Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized	$ 30,851	$ 25,405	$ 19,908
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Applied, Amortization Expense, Statement of Cash Flows [Extensible Enumeration]	Amortization of investments in variable interest entities	Amortization of investments in variable interest entities	Amortization of investments in variable interest entities
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Applied, Income Tax Credit And Other Tax Benefit Amortization, Statement Of Income Or Comprehensive Income ExtensibleEnumeration NotDisclosedFlag	24,038	19,076	15,178
Investment Program Proportional Amortization Method Applied Income Tax Credit And Other Tax Benefit Amortization State Of Cash Flows Extensible Enumeration Not Disclosed Flag	Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Elected, Income Tax Credit and Other Income Tax Benefit, before Amortization, Statement of Cash Flows [Extensible Enumeration]	Federal and state income tax expense	Federal and state income tax expense	Federal and state income tax expense

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Derivatives Balance Sheet and Gain (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Interest rate Swap
Cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges
Amortized cost of the Hedged Assets	$ 2,692,319	$ 3,242,878
Amortized Cost of Fair Value Hedging Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets	$ (244)	(9,287)
Hedged Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Debt securities, available-for-sale
Interest rate Swap \| Interest income on investment securities
Fair value hedge relationships on the income statement
Gain (loss) on fair value hedges recognized in earnings	$ 1,002	20,743	$ (16,447)
Interest rate caps
Cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges
Amortized cost of the Hedged Assets	99,528	0
Amortized Cost of Fair Value Hedging Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets	$ (315)	0
Hedged Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Debt securities, available-for-sale
Interest rate caps \| Interest income on investment securities
Fair value hedge relationships on the income statement
Gain (loss) on fair value hedges recognized in earnings	$ (36)	0	0
Available-for-sale debt securities \| Interest income on investment securities
Fair value hedge relationships on the income statement
Gain (loss) on fair value hedges recognized in earnings	$ 9,043	$ (7,451)	$ 17,988

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
Net income available to common stockholders, basic	$ 239,028	$ 190,144	$ 222,927
Net income available to common stockholders, diluted	$ 239,028	$ 190,144	$ 222,927
Average outstanding shares - basic (in shares)	119,753,227	113,170,157	110,864,501
Add: dilutive restricted stock units and stock options (in shares)	181,829	73,270	25,946
Average outstanding shares - diluted (in shares)	119,935,056	113,243,427	110,890,447
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 2.00	$ 1.68	$ 2.01
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.99	$ 1.68	$ 2.01
Restricted stock units and stock options excluded from the diluted average outstanding share calculation (in shares)	3,666	461	223,626

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
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-Publisher FASB
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Section 65
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (f)(4)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481538/470-20-65-4

+ Details

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 1
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (f)
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Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
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Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B

Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 220
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))
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-Section S99
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Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 45
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-7

Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
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-Section 65
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (f)(4)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481538/470-20-65-4

+ Details

- Definition

Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.

+ References

+ Details

- Definition

Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities, and addition from assumption of issuance of common shares for dilutive potential common shares; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.

+ References + Details

Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	12 Months Ended
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	Dec. 31, 2025
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted	true

Mergers & Acquisitions - Pro Forma Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Bank of Idaho And Guaranty Bancshares, Inc
Pro Forma Information
Net interest income and non-interest income	$ 1,149,736	$ 1,008,933
Net income	$ 257,399	235,311
Wheatland and Rocky Mountain Bank
Pro Forma Information
Net interest income and non-interest income		841,031	$ 852,055
Net income		$ 193,161	$ 239,301

Premises and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Premises and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Interest costs capitalized	$ 0	$ 618,000
Property, Plant and Equipment
Interest costs capitalized	0	618,000
Lease income	1,849,000	1,592,000
Disposal Group, Held-for-Sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment held for sale	$ 7,532,000	$ 8,122,000

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Outstanding commitments

Future unfunded contingent equity commitments related to the Company’s LIHTC investments at December 31, 2025 are as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Amount
Years ending December 31,
2026	$	53,488
2027	22,204
2028	1,288
2029	652
2030	559
Thereafter	2,118
Total	$	80,309

The Company had the following outstanding commitments:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024

Unused lines of credit	$	5,077,570	4,190,238
Letters of credit	107,054		97,830
Total outstanding commitments	$	5,184,624	4,288,068

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings- Substantially Restricted	Accumulated Other Comp-rehensive (Loss) Income
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		110,777,780
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 2,843,305	$ 1,108	$ 2,344,005	$ 966,984	$ (468,792)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	222,927			222,927
Other comprehensive income (loss)	94,679				94,679
Cash dividends declared	(146,730)			(146,730)
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans (in shares)		111,162
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans	0	$ 1	(1)
Stock-based compensation and related taxes	6,100		6,100
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		110,888,942
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	3,020,281	$ 1,109	2,350,104	1,043,181	(374,113)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	190,144			190,144
Other comprehensive income (loss)	64,817				64,817
Cash dividends declared	(150,067)			(150,067)
Stock issued in connection with acquisitions (in shares)		2,389,684
Stock issued in connection with acquisitions	92,385	$ 24	92,361
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans (in shares)		123,329
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans	0	$ 1	(1)
Stock-based compensation and related taxes	$ 6,294		6,294
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	113,401,955	113,401,955
Balance at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 3,223,854	$ 1,134	2,448,758	1,083,258	(309,296)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	239,028			239,028
Other comprehensive income (loss)	142,186				142,186
Cash dividends declared	(162,719)			(162,719)
Stock issued in connection with acquisitions (in shares)		16,404,750
Stock issued in connection with acquisitions	764,963	$ 164	764,799
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans (in shares)		165,007
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans	0	$ 2	(2)
Stock-based compensation and related taxes	$ 6,509		6,509
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2025	129,971,712	129,971,712
Balance at Dec. 31, 2025	$ 4,213,821	$ 1,300	$ 3,220,064	$ 1,159,567	$ (167,110)

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit, and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making off-balance sheet commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

The Company had the following outstanding commitments:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024

Unused lines of credit	$	5,077,570	4,190,238
Letters of credit	107,054		97,830
Total outstanding commitments	$	5,184,624	4,288,068

The Company is a defendant in legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the disposition of pending litigation will not have a material affect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Accounting	The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Use of Estimates	Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include: 1) the determination of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL” or “allowance”) on loans; 2) the valuation of debt securities; and 3) the evaluation of goodwill impairment. For the determination of the ACL on certain loans and real estate valuation estimates, management obtains independent appraisals (new or updated) for significant items. Estimates relating to the investment valuations are obtained from independent third parties. Estimates relating to the evaluation of goodwill for impairment are determined based on internal calculations using market-based inputs.
Principles of Consolidation	The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the parent holding company and the Bank, which consists of eighteen bank divisions and a corporate division. The corporate division includes the Bank’s investment portfolio, wholesale borrowings and other centralized functions. The Bank divisions operate under separate names, management teams and advisory directors. The Bank also has non-bank subsidiaries which hold certain bank investments. These non-bank subsidiaries are either consolidated or accounted for under the equity method depending on whether the Bank has a controlling interest or significant influence over the entity. The Bank has interests in variable interest entities (“VIE”) for which the Bank has both the power to direct the VIE’s significant activities and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. These interests are consolidated into the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Bank also has interests in VIEs for which the Bank does not have a controlling financial interest and is not the primary beneficiary. These interests are accounted for under the equity method in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. For additional information on the Bank’s interest in VIEs, see Note 8. The parent holding company owns non-bank subsidiaries that have issued trust preferred securities. The trust subsidiaries are not consolidated into the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company's investments in the trust subsidiaries are included in other assets on the Company's statements of financial condition and its liabilities to the trust subsidiaries are included in subordinated debentures. On April 30, 2025, the Company completed its acquisition of Bank of Idaho Holding Co. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bank of Idaho (collectively “BOID”), a community bank based in Idaho Falls, Idaho. The business combination was accounted for using the acquisition method, with the results of operations included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date. For additional information relating to mergers and acquisitions, see Note 23. On October 1, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of Guaranty Bancshares, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Guaranty Bank & Trust, N.A. (collectively “Guaranty”), a community bank based in Mount Pleasant, Texas. The business combination was accounted for using the acquisition method, with the results of operations included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date. For additional information relating to mergers and acquisitions, see Note 23.
Segment Reporting	The Company operates as a single segment entity for financial reporting purposes. The Company has determined that its current operating model is structured whereby banking locations and divisions serve a similar base of commercial and retail customers for which the Company provides similar products and services managed through similar processes and technology platforms. The Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) serves as the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The CODM allocates resources and assesses performance of the Company based on the consolidated performance, excluding all significant intercompany balances and transactions between the Company and the Bank, its wholly-owned subsidiary, and does not significantly utilize disaggregated segment financial information for decision making and resource allocation. The CODM assesses performance for the banking segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income as reported on the consolidated statement of operations as consolidated net income. Accordingly, all of the Company’s operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment, the banking segment. All categories of interest expense and non-interest expense as disclosed on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations are considered significant to the banking segment. The Company has determined that no additional segment disclosures are required, specifically as a result of the following; ▪the Company does not use the tracked performance on the disaggregated segment level for decision-making or resource allocation purposes, ▪no significant segment-specific expenses or performance metrics are used internally for decision-making or resource allocation purposes other than those reported on the consolidated statement of operations, and ▪the level of financial consolidation presented in these financial statements aligns with the CODM’s internal reporting and decision-making process
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Interest Bearing Cash Deposits	Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash held as demand deposits at various banks and the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”), interest bearing deposits, federal funds sold, and liquid investments with original or acquired maturities of three months or less. Interest bearing deposits are maintained at other financial institutions as collateral for certain derivative contracts and are considered restricted cash. Interest earned on interest bearing cash deposits was $28,920,000 and $31,158,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and are included in interest income on investment securities on the consolidated statements of operations.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Interest Bearing Cash Deposits	Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash held as demand deposits at various banks and the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”), interest bearing deposits, federal funds sold, and liquid investments with original or acquired maturities of three months or less. Interest bearing deposits are maintained at other financial institutions as collateral for certain derivative contracts and are considered restricted cash. Interest earned on interest bearing cash deposits was $28,920,000 and $31,158,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and are included in interest income on investment securities on the consolidated statements of operations.
Debt Securities	Debt securities for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity (“HTM”) and are carried at amortized cost. Debt securities held primarily for the purpose of selling in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in income. Debt securities not classified as HTM or trading are classified as AFS and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes, as a separate component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized or accreted into income using a method that approximates the interest method. The objective of the interest method is to calculate periodic interest income at a constant effective yield. The Company does not have any debt securities classified as trading securities. When the Company acquires another entity, it records the debt securities at fair value. The Company reviews and analyzes the various risks that may be present within the investment portfolio on an ongoing basis, including market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. Market risk is the risk to an entity’s financial condition resulting from adverse changes in the value of its holdings arising from movements in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices or commodity prices. The Company assesses the market risk of individual debt securities as well as the investment portfolio as a whole. Credit risk, broadly defined, is the risk that an issuer or counterparty will fail to perform on an obligation. The credit rating of a security is considered the primary credit quality indicator for debt securities. Liquidity risk refers to the risk that a security will not have an active and efficient market in which the security can be sold. A debt security is investment grade if the issuer has adequate capacity to meet its commitment over the expected life of the investment, i.e., the risk of default is low and full and timely repayment of interest and principal is expected. To determine investment grade status for debt securities, the Company conducts due diligence of the creditworthiness of the issuer or counterparty prior to acquisition and ongoing thereafter consistent with the risk characteristics of the security and the overall risk of the investment portfolio. Credit quality due diligence takes into account the extent to which a security is guaranteed by the U.S. government and other agencies of the U.S. government. The depth of the due diligence is based on the complexity of the structure, the size of the security, and takes into account material positions and specific groups of securities or stratifications for analysis and review of similar risk positions. The due diligence includes consideration of payment performance, collateral adequacy, internal analyses, third party research and analytics, external credit ratings and default statistics. The Company has acquired debt securities through acquisitions and if the securities have more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination, they are designated as purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) securities. An ACL is determined using the same methodology as with other debt securities. The sum of a PCD security’s fair value and associated ACL becomes its initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the debt security is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the security. Subsequent changes to the ACL are recorded through provision for credit losses. The fair value for AFS debt securities is estimated by obtaining quoted market prices for identical assets, where available. If such prices are not available, fair value is based on independent asset pricing services and models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, market spreads, prepayments, defaults, recoveries, cumulative loss projections, and cash flows. Such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, such securities are classified as Level 3 within the hierarchy.Fair value determinations of AFS debt securities are the responsibility of the Company’s corporate accounting and treasury departments. The Company obtains fair value estimates from independent third party vendors on a monthly basis. The vendors’ pricing system methodologies, procedures and system controls are reviewed to ensure they are appropriately designed and operating effectively. The Company reviews the vendors’ inputs for fair value estimates and the recommended assignments of levels within the fair value hierarchy. The review includes the extent to which markets for debt securities are determined to have limited or no activity, or are judged to be active markets. The Company reviews the extent to which observable and unobservable inputs are used as well as the appropriateness of the underlying assumptions about risk that a market participant would use in active markets, with adjustments for limited or inactive markets. In considering the inputs to the fair value estimates, the Company places less reliance on quotes that are judged to not reflect orderly transactions, or are non-binding indications. In assessing credit risk, the Company reviews payment performance, collateral adequacy, third party research and analyses, credit rating histories and issuers’ financial statements. For those markets determined to be inactive or limited, the valuation techniques used are models for which management has verified that discount rates are appropriately adjusted to reflect illiquidity and credit risk.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities and Loans Receivable	Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through loss on sale of securities. For the AFS securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In such assessment, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, if there are any changes to the investment grade of the security by a rating agency, and if there are any adverse conditions that impact the security. If this assessment indicates a credit loss exists, the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a potential credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost. Any estimated credit losses that have not been recorded through an ACL are recognized in OCI. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the estimate of credit losses for AFS debt securities. As part of its non-accrual policy, the Company charges-off uncollectable interest at the time it is determined to be uncollectable. Allowance for Credit Losses - HTM Debt Securities For estimating the allowance for HTM debt securities that share similar risk characteristics with other securities, such securities are pooled based on major security type. For pools of such securities with similar risk characteristics, the historical lifetime probability of default and severity of loss in the event of default is derived or obtained from external sources and adjusted for the expected effects of reasonable and supportable forecasts over the expected lives of the securities on those historical credit losses. Expected credit losses on securities in the HTM portfolio that do not share similar risk characteristics with any of the pools of debt securities are individually measured based on net realizable value, or the difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and the recorded amortized cost basis of the securities. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the estimate of credit losses for HTM debt securities. As part of its non-accrual policy, the Company charges off uncollectable interest at the time it is determined to be uncollectable. The ACL for loans receivable represents management’s estimate of credit losses over the expected contractual life of the loan portfolio. The estimate is determined based on the amortized cost of the loan portfolio including the loan balance adjusted for charge-offs, recoveries, deferred fees and costs, and loan discount and premiums. Recoveries are included only to the extent that such amounts were previously charged-off. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the estimate of credit losses for loans. Determining the adequacy of the allowance is complex and requires a high degree of judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the then-existing loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance in those future periods. The allowance is adjusted for estimated credit losses which is recorded in the provision for credit losses. The portion of loans and overdraft balances determined by management to be uncollectable are charged-off as a reduction to the allowance and recoveries of amounts previously charged-off increase the allowance. The Company’s charge-off policy is consistent with bank regulatory standards. Consumer loans generally are charged-off when the loan becomes over 120 days delinquent. Real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as other real estate owned (“OREO”) until such time as it is sold. The expected credit loss estimate process involves procedures to consider the unique characteristics of each of the Company’s loan portfolio segments, which consist of residential real estate, CRE, other commercial, home equity, and other consumer loans. When computing the allowance levels, credit loss assumptions are estimated using a model that categorizes loan pools and that considers loss history, credit and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. The Company has determined a four consecutive quarter forecasting period is a reasonable and supportable period. Expected credit loss for periods beyond reasonable and supportable forecast periods are determined based on a reversion method which reverts back to historical loss estimates over a four consecutive quarter period on a straight-line basis. Credit quality is assessed and monitored by evaluating various attributes and the results of those evaluations are utilized in underwriting new loans and the process for estimating the expected credit losses. The following paragraphs describe the risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment. Residential Real Estate. Residential real estate loans are secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the residential property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes. Mitigating risk factors for this loan segment include a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for relatively smaller amounts. Commercial Real Estate. CRE loans typically involve larger principal amounts, and repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan and/or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by the creditworthiness of a borrower, valuation of the property securing the loan and conditions within the local economies in the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas. Other Commercial. Other commercial loans consist of loans to commercial customers for use in financing working capital needs, equipment purchases and business expansions. The loans in this category are repaid primarily from the cash flow of a borrower’s principal business operation. Credit risk in these loans is driven by creditworthiness of a borrower and the economic conditions that impact the cash flow stability from business operations across the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas. Home Equity. Home equity loans consist of junior lien mortgages and first and junior lien lines of credit (revolving open-end and amortizing closed-end) secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the residential property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes. Mitigating risk factors for this loan segment are a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for terms that range from 10 to 15 years. Other Consumer. The other consumer loan portfolio consists of various short-term loans such as automobile loans and loans for other personal purposes. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers. Credit risk is driven by consumer economic factors (such as unemployment and general economic conditions in the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas) and the creditworthiness of a borrower. The allowance is impacted by loan volumes, delinquency status, credit ratings, historical loss experiences, estimated prepayment speeds, weighted average lives and other conditions influencing loss expectations, such as reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the allowance has two basic components: 1) individual loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans; and 2) the expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not Share Similar Risk Characteristics with Other Loans. For a loan that does not share similar risk characteristics with other loans, expected credit loss is measured based on the net realizable value, that is, the difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and the amortized cost basis of the loan. For these loans, the expected credit loss is equal to the amount by which the net realizable value of the loan is less than the amortized cost basis of the loan (which is net of previous charge-offs and deferred loan fees and costs), except when the loan is collateral-dependent, that is, when foreclosure is probable or the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In these cases, expected credit loss is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral. The fair value of the collateral is adjusted for the estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of a loan is dependent on the sale (rather than only on the operation) of the collateral. The Company has determined that non-accrual loans do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans and these loans are individually evaluated for estimated ACL. The Company, through its credit monitoring process, may also identify other loans that do not share similar risk characteristics and individually evaluate such loans. The starting point for determining the fair value of collateral is to obtain external appraisals or evaluations (new or updated). The valuation techniques used in preparing appraisals or evaluations include the cost approach, income approach, sales comparison approach, or a combination of the preceding valuation techniques. The Company’s credit department reviews appraisals, giving consideration to the highest and best use of the collateral. The appraisals or evaluations are reviewed at least quarterly and more frequently based on current market conditions, including deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and when property values may be subject to significant volatility. Adjustments may be made to the fair value of the collateral after review and acceptance of the collateral appraisal or evaluation. Loans that Share Similar Risk Characteristics with other Loans. For estimating the allowance for loans that share similar risk characteristics with other loans, such loans are segregated into loan segments. Loans are designated into loan segments based on loans pooled by product types and similar risk characteristics or areas of risk concentration. In determining the ACL, the Company derives an estimated credit loss assumption from a model that categorizes loan pools based on loan type. This model calculates an expected loss percentage for each loan segment by considering the non-discounted simple annual average historical loss rate of each loan segment (calculated through an “open pool” method), multiplying the loss rate by the amortized loan balance and incorporating that segment’s internally generated prepayment speed assumption and contractually scheduled remaining principal pay downs on a loan level basis. The annual historical loss rates are adjusted over a reasonable economic forecast period by a multiplier that is calculated based upon current national economic forecasts as a proportion of each segment’s historical average loss levels. The Company will then revert from the economic forecast period back to the historical average loss rate on a straight-line basis. After the reversion period, the loans will be assumed to experience their historical loss rate for the remainder of their contractual lives. The model applies the expected loss rate over the projected cash flows at the individual loan level and then aggregates the losses by loan segment in determining their quantitative allowance. The Company will also include qualitative adjustments to adjust the ACL on loan segments to the extent the current or future market conditions are believed to vary substantially from historical conditions in regards to: •lending policies and procedures; •international, national, regional and local economic business conditions, developments, or environmental conditions that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various markets; •the nature and volume of the loan portfolio including the terms of the loans; •the experience, ability, and depth of the lending management and other relevant staff; •the volume and severity of past due and adversely classified or graded loans and the volume of non-accrual loans; •the quality of our loan review system; •the value of underlying collateral for collateralized loans; •the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of concentrations; and •the effect of external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio. The Company regularly reviews loans in the portfolio to assess credit quality indicators and to determine the appropriate loan classification and grading in accordance with applicable bank regulations. The primary credit quality indicator for residential, home equity and other consumer loans is the days past due status, which consists of the following categories: 1) performing loans; 2) 30 to 89 days past due loans; and 3) non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans. The primary credit quality indicator for CRE and commercial loans is the Company’s internal risk rating system, which includes the following categories: 1) pass loans; 2) special mention loans; 3) substandard loans; and 4) doubtful or loss loans. Such credit quality indicators are regularly monitored and incorporated into the Company’s allowance estimate. The following paragraphs further define the internal risk ratings for CRE and commercial loans. Pass Loans. These ratings represent loans that are of acceptable, good or excellent quality with very limited to no risk. Loans that do not have one of the following ratings are considered pass loans. Special Mention Loans. These ratings represent loans that are designated as special mention per the regulatory definition. Special mention loans are currently protected but are potentially weak. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitute an undue and unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific loan. The rating may be used to identify credit with potential weaknesses that if not corrected may weaken the loan to the point of inadequately protecting the Company’s credit position. Examples include a lack of supervision, inadequate loan agreement, condition, or control of collateral, incomplete, or improper documentation, deviations from lending policy, and adverse trends in operations or economic conditions. Substandard Loans. This rating represents loans that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. A loan so classified must have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregated amount of substandard loans, does not have to exist in an individual loan classified substandard. Doubtful/Loss Loans. A loan classified as doubtful has the characteristics that make collection in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans. Loans are classified as loss when they are deemed to be not collectible and of such little value that continuance as an active asset of the Company is not warranted. Loans classified as loss must be charged-off. Assignment of this classification does not mean that an asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be attained in the future. Modifications The Company identifies and monitors loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (“MBFD”). The Company considers some of the indicators that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty to be: currently in payment default on any of their debt, declaring bankruptcy, going concern, borrower’s securities have been delisted, and other indicators of inability to meet obligations. This list does not include all potential indicators of a borrower’s financial difficulties. Each debt modification is separately negotiated with the borrower and includes terms and conditions that reflect the borrower’s prospective ability to service their obligations as modified. The ACL on loans that are considered MBFD’s are measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment. Allowance for Credit Losses - Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures The Company maintains a separate ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments. Such ACL is included in other liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition. The Company estimates the amount of expected losses by calculating a commitment usage factor over the contractual period for exposures and applying the loss factors used in the ACL methodology to the results of the usage calculation to estimate the liability for credit losses related to unfunded commitments for each loan segment. No credit loss estimate is reported for off-balance sheet credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had an ACL of $29,973,000 and $20,419,000, respectively, for off-balance sheet credit exposures. Provision for Credit Losses The Company recognizes provision for credit losses on the allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures (e.g., unfunded loan commitments) together with provision for credit losses on the loan portfolio in the consolidated statement of operations line item provision for credit losses.
Loans Held for Sale	Loans held for sale generally consist of long-term, fixed rate, conforming, single-family residential real estate loans intended to be sold on the secondary market. Fair value elections are made at the time of origination based on the Company’s fair value election policy. Loans held for sale are currently recorded at fair value and may be sold with or without servicing rights. Changes in fair value are recognized in gain on sale of loans included in non-interest income. Loans held for sale measured at fair value, for which an active secondary market and readily available market prices exist, are initially valued at the transaction price and are subsequently valued by using quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan or other observable market data, such as outstanding commitments from third party investors. Loans held for sale measured at fair value are classified within Level 2. Included in gain on sale of loans were net gains of $450,000, net gains of $551,000 and net gains of $264,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from the changes in fair value of loans held for sale measured at fair value. Electing to measure loans held for sale at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in fair value of these assets with changes in the value of the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them without the burden of complying with the requirements for hedge accounting.
Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses	The Company’s loan segments or classes are based on the purpose of the loan and consist of residential real estate, commercial real estate (“CRE”), other commercial, home equity, and other consumer loans. Loans that are intended at origination to be held for investment, are reported at the unpaid principal balance less net charge-offs and adjusted for deferred fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Fees and costs on originated loans and premiums or discounts on acquired loans are deferred and subsequently amortized or accreted as a yield adjustment over the expected life of the loan utilizing the interest or straight-line methods. The interest method is utilized for loans with scheduled payment terms and the objective is to calculate periodic interest income at a constant effective yield. The straight-line method is utilized for revolving lines of credit or loans with no scheduled payment terms. When a loan is paid off prior to maturity, the remaining unamortized fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans are immediately recognized as interest income. Loans that are 30 days or more past due based on payments received and applied to the loan are considered delinquent. Loans are designated non-accrual and the accrual of interest is discontinued when the collection of the contractual principal or interest is unlikely. A loan is typically placed on non-accrual when principal or interest is due and has remained unpaid for 90 days or more. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Subsequent payments on non-accrual loans are applied to the outstanding principal balance if doubt remains as to the ultimate collectability of the loan. Interest accruals are not resumed on partially charged-off impaired loans. For other loans on non-accrual, interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest. The Company has acquired loans through acquisitions, some of which have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. The Company considers all acquired non-accrual loans to be PCD loans. In addition, the Company considers loans accruing 90 days or more past due or substandard loans to be PCD loans. An ACL is determined using the same methodology as other loans held for investment. The ACL determined on a collective basis is allocated to individual loans. The sum of a loan’s fair value and ACL becomes the initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the ACL are recorded through provision for credit losses.
Premises and Equipment	Premises and equipment are accounted for at cost less depreciation. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives or the term of the related lease. The estimated useful life for office buildings is 15 to 40 years and the estimated useful life for furniture, fixtures, and equipment is 3 to 10 years. Interest is capitalized for any significant building projects.
Lessee Leases	The Company leases certain land, premises and equipment from third parties. A lessee lease is classified as an operating lease unless it meets certain criteria (e.g., lease contains option to purchase that Company is reasonably certain to exercise), in which case it is classified as a finance lease. These leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) assets on the Company’s statement of financial condition. The operating leases have an ROU liability in operating lease liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition and lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The finance leases have liabilities that are included in finance lease liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition. The interest expense incurred on the finance lease liability is included in interest expense on other borrowed funds on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. An ROU asset represents the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and also includes any direct costs and payments made prior to lease commencement and excludes lease incentives. When an implicit rate is not available, an incremental borrowing rate for the Company based on the information available at commencement date is used in determining the present value of the lease payments. A lease term will include an option to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. The Company accounts for lease and non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance) together as a single combined lease component for all asset classes. The Company has elected to recognize payments for short-term leases of 12 months or less on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and exclude such leases from the Company’s statements of financial condition. Renewal and termination options are considered when determining short-term leases. Leases are accounted for on an individual lease level. Lease improvements incurred at the inception of the lease are recorded as an asset and depreciated over the initial term of the lease and lease improvements incurred subsequently are depreciated over the remaining term of the lease.
Lessor Leases	The Company also leases certain premises and equipment to third parties. A lessor lease is classified as an operating lease unless it meets certain criteria that would classify it as either a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease.
Other Real Estate Owned	Property acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value, less estimated selling cost, at acquisition date (i.e., cost of the property). The Company is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan upon the occurrence of either the Company obtaining legal title to the property or the borrower conveying all interest in the property through a deed-in-lieu or similar agreement. Fair value is determined as the amount that could be reasonably expected in a current sale between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Subsequent to the initial acquisition, if the fair value of the asset, less estimated selling cost, is less than the cost of the property, a loss is recognized in other expense and the asset carrying value is reduced. Gain or loss on disposition of OREO is recorded in non-interest income or non-interest expense, respectively. In determining the fair value of the properties on the date of transfer and any subsequent estimated losses of net realizable value, the fair value of OREO acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is determined primarily based upon appraisal or evaluation of the underlying property value.
Long-lived Assets	Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset is deemed impaired if the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. If impaired, an impairment loss is recognized in other expense to reduce the carrying value of the asset to fair value.
Business Combinations	Acquisition accounting requires the total purchase price to be allocated to the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain intangible assets. Goodwill is recorded if the purchase price exceeds the net fair value of assets acquired and a bargain purchase gain is recorded in other income if the net fair value of assets acquired exceeds the purchase price. Adjustment of the allocated purchase price may be related to fair value estimates for which all information has not been obtained for the acquired entity and becomes known or discovered during the allocation period, the period of time required to identify and measure the fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in the business combination. The allocation period is generally limited to one year following consummation of a business combination.
Intangible Assets	Core deposit intangible represents the intangible value of depositor relationships resulting from deposit liabilities assumed in acquisitions and is amortized using an accelerated method based on an estimated runoff of the related deposits. The core deposit intangible is evaluated for impairment and recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable, with any changes in estimated useful life accounted for prospectively over the revised remaining life. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually during the third quarter. The Company has identified the aggregated Bank divisions as a single reporting unit (i.e., a component of the Bank operating segment) given that each division has similar economic characteristics, products, services, and are all subject to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) oversight under one regulatory call report. The goodwill of a reporting unit is tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Examples of events and circumstances that could trigger the need for interim impairment testing include: •a significant change in legal factors or in the business climate; •an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; •unanticipated competition; •a loss of key personnel; •a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or otherwise disposed of; and •the testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit. For the goodwill impairment assessment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The Company elected to bypass the qualitative assessment for its 2025 and 2024 annual goodwill impairment testing and proceed directly to the goodwill impairment assessment. The goodwill impairment process requires the Company to make assumptions and judgments regarding fair value. The Company calculates an implied fair value for the reporting unit and if the implied fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference.
Loan Servicing Rights	For residential real estate loans that are sold with servicing retained, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value in other assets and gain on sale of loans. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts. The servicing asset is subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires the servicing rights to be amortized into non-interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans. Loan servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the servicing rights compared to the carrying value. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying value. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists, a reduction in the valuation allowance may be recorded. Changes in the valuation allowance are recorded in other income. The fair value of the servicing assets are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. Servicing fee income is recognized in other income for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on contractual percentage of the outstanding principal; or a fixed amount per loan and is recorded when earned. The amortization of loan servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income.
Equity Securities	Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock is restricted because such stock may only be sold to FHLB at its par value. Due to restrictive terms, and the lack of a readily determinable fair value, FHLB stock is carried at cost and evaluated for impairment. The investments in FHLB stock are required investments related to the Company’s borrowings from FHLB. FHLB obtains its funding primarily through issuance of consolidated obligations of the FHLB system. The U.S. government does not guarantee these obligations, and each of the regional FHLBs is jointly and severally liable for repayment of each other’s debt.
Marketable Securities	The Company also has other equity securities that are included in other assets on the Company’s statements of financial condition. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value and changes in fair value are recognized in other income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment. For equity securities that qualify for the practical expedient method using the net asset value, the equity security is measured at the net asset value and changes in the fair value are recognized in other income.
Other Borrowings	Borrowings of the Company’s consolidated VIEs and finance lease arrangements are included in other borrowings.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance	The Company maintains bank-owned life insurance policies on certain current and former employees and directors, which are recorded at their cash surrender values as determined by the insurance carriers. The appreciation in the cash surrender value of the policies is recognized as a component of other income in non-interest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities	Derivatives and Hedging Activities The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing operations. The primary risk managed by using derivative instruments is interest rate risk. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. At the inception of a derivative contract, the Company designates the derivatives as one of three types based on the intention of the hedge. These three types are (1) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (“fair value hedge”), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”), or (3) an instrument with no hedging designation (“non-designated derivative”). Hedging Derivatives The fair value hedges and cash flow hedges are recognized as other assets or other liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition and are measured at fair value. Earnings on fair value hedges and cash flow hedges are recognized in the same income statement line item that is used to present the earnings effect of the hedged item. Cash flows resulting from the fair value hedges and cash flow hedges are classified in the Company’s cash flow statement in the same category as the cash flows of the items being hedged. For a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative included in the effectiveness testing, as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in earnings as fair value changes. The Company has elected for a fair value hedge, and the fair value of the amounts excluded from the initial assessment of effectiveness will be amortized in earnings using a systematic and rational method with any difference between the change in fair value of the excluded component and amounts recognized in earnings to be recognized in OCI. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in OCI and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. This documentation includes linking fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the statement of financial condition or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. The Company then formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are designated are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows or fair values of the hedged items. The Company has elected not to offset the fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments and the fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral arising from derivative instruments recognized at fair value executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as non-interest income. When a fair value hedge is discontinued, the hedged asset or liability is no longer adjusted for changes in fair value and the existing basis adjustment is amortized or accreted over the remaining life of the asset or liability. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows or forecasted transactions are still expected to occur, gains or losses that were accumulated in OCI are amortized into earnings over the same periods which the hedged transactions will affect earnings. Non-Designated Derivatives Commitments to fund mortgage loans (“interest rate locks”) to be sold on the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of these mortgage loans are accounted for as non-designated derivatives. The fair value of the interest rate lock is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded. In order to economically hedge the change in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the majority of these loans, the Company enters into forward commitments to sell to-be-announced (“TBA”) securities which are used to economically hedge the interest rate risk associated with such loans and unfunded commitments. For all other residential real estate loans to be sold, the Company enters into “best efforts” forward sales commitments for the future delivery of loans to third party investors when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans. Forward sales commitments on a “best efforts” basis are not designated in derivatives relationships until the loan is funded. Fair values of these mortgage derivatives are estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date the interest on the loan is locked. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in net gains on sales of loans. Loan interest rate lock commitments. Fair value estimates for loan interest rate lock commitments were based upon the estimated sales price, origination fees, direct costs, interest rate changes, etc. and were obtained from an independent third party. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Forward commitments to sell TBA securities. Forward commitments to sell TBA securities are used to economically hedge the interest rate risk associated with certain loan commitments. The fair value estimates for the TBA commitments were based upon the estimated sale of the TBA hedge obtained from an independent third party. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Interest rate cap derivative financial instruments. Fair value estimates for interest rate cap derivative financial instruments were based upon the discounted cash flows of known payments plus the option value of each cap which incorporates market rate forecasts and implied market volatilities. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company also obtained and compared the reasonableness of the pricing from independent third party valuations. Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments. Fair value estimates for interest rate swap derivative financial instruments were based upon the estimated amounts to settle the contracts considering current interest rates and were calculated using discounted cash flows. The inputs used to determine fair value included the compounded overnight SOFR rate to estimate variable rate cash inflows and the overnight SOFR swap rate to estimate the discount rate. The estimated variable rate cash inflows were compared to the fixed rate outflows and such difference was discounted to a present value to estimate the fair value of the interest rate swaps. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company also obtained and compared the reasonableness of the pricing from independent third party valuations.
Revenue Recognition	The Company recognizes revenue when services or products are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. Revenue from contracts with customers was $101,072,000, $94,011,000, and $88,547,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, and largely consisted of revenue from service charges and other fees from deposits (e.g., overdraft fees, automated teller machine (“ATM”) fees, debit card fees). Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s contracts with customers, an insignificant amount of receivables related to such revenue was recorded at December 31, 2025 and 2024 and there were no impairment losses recognized. Policies specific to revenue from contracts with customers include the following: Service Charges. Revenue from service charges consists of service charges and fees on deposit accounts under depository agreements with customers to provide access to deposited funds and, when applicable, pay interest on deposits. Service charges on deposit accounts may be transactional or non-transactional in nature. Transactional service charges occur in the form of a service or penalty and are charged upon the occurrence of an event (e.g., overdraft fees, ATM fees, wire transfer fees). Transactional service charges are recognized as services are delivered to and consumed by the customer, or as penalty fees are charged. Non-transactional service charges are charges that are based on a broader service, such as account maintenance fees and dormancy fees, and are recognized on a monthly basis. Debit Card Fees. Revenue from debit card fees includes interchange fee income from debit cards processed through card association networks. Interchange fees represent a portion of a transaction amount that the Company and other involved parties retain to compensate themselves for giving the cardholder immediate access to funds. Interchange rates are generally set by the card association networks and are based on purchase volumes and other factors. The Company records interchange fees as services are provided.
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based compensation awards granted, comprised of restricted stock units and stock options, are valued at fair value and compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of each award. The impact of forfeitures of stock-based compensation awards on compensation expense is recognized as forfeitures occur.
Advertising and Promotion	Advertising and promotion costs are recognized in the period incurred.
Income Taxes	The Company’s income tax expense consists of current and deferred income tax expense. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of enacted tax law to earnings or losses. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for estimated future income tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of applicable laws. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The term more-likely-than-not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent. The recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to the Company’s judgment. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers both positive and negative evidence.
Comprehensive Income	Comprehensive income consists of net income and OCI. OCI includes unrealized gains and losses, net of tax effect, on available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, including transferred debt securities, and derivatives used for fair value hedges and cash flow hedges. When OCI is reclassified into net income (loss), the tax effect is recognized in income tax expense.
Earnings Per Share	Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed by including the net increase in shares as if dilutive outstanding stock options were exercised and restricted stock units were vested, using the treasury stock method.
Reclassifications	Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2024 and 2023 financial statements to conform to the 2025 presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net earnings.
Accounting Guidance Adopted in 2024 and Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at December 31, 2024	The ASC is the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) officially recognized source of authoritative GAAP applicable to all public and non-public non-governmental entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the authority of the federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for the Company as an SEC registrant. All other accounting literature is non-authoritative. The following provides a description of a recently adopted ASU that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. ASU 2023-09 - Income Tax Disclosures. In December 2023, FASB amended topic 740 related to certain income tax disclosures (the “Update”). The amendments provide updates related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures to improve transparency of income disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. Other amendments in the Update improve the effectiveness and comparability of disclosures and remove disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial or relevant. The Company adopted the amendments and there was no material impact to the Company’s disclosures or financial position and results of operations. For additional information relating to the adoption of the amendments, see Note 17. Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at December 31, 2025 The following provides a description of a recently issued but not yet effective ASU that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. ASU 2024-03 - Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. In November 2024, FASB amended ASC subtopic 220-40 which requires certain disaggregated disclosures of the income statement. The amendments require new financial statement disclosures in tabular format, disaggregating information about prescribed categories underlying any relevant income statement expense caption. The prescribed categories include, among other things, employee compensation, depreciation and intangible amortization. The amendments are effective for public business entities in the first annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods with annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update may be applied on a prospective basis or retrospective to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update, but does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements, including related disclosures, or significant impact on its current processes. ASU 2025-08 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. In November 2025, FASB amended ASC Topic 326 related to purchased loans (the “Update”). The amendments in the Update expand the population of acquired financial assets subject to the gross-up approach in Topic 326. Loans acquired without credit deterioration and deemed seasoned are considered purchased seasoned loans and accounted for using the gross-up approach at acquisition. All non-PCD loans that are acquired in a business combination are deemed seasoned. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026. Early adoption is permitted and the amendments should be applied prospectively to loans that are acquired on or after the initial application date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this Update.
Fair Value Measurement	Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows: Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities Transfers in and out of Level 1 (quoted prices in active markets), Level 2 (significant other observable inputs) and Level 3 (significant unobservable inputs) are recognized on the actual transfer date. There were no transfers between fair value hierarchy levels during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. Recurring Measurements The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2025. Non-recurring Measurements The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2025. Other real estate owned. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell, establishing a new cost basis. OREO is subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell. Estimated fair value of OREO is based on appraisals or evaluations (new or updated). OREO is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Collateral-dependent loans, net of ACL. Fair value estimates of collateral-dependent loans that are individually reviewed are based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. Collateral-dependent individually reviewed loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s credit department reviews appraisals for OREO and collateral-dependent loans, giving consideration to the highest and best use of the collateral. The appraisal or evaluation (new or updated) is considered the starting point for determining fair value. The valuation techniques used in preparing appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) include the cost approach, income approach, sales comparison approach, or a combination of the preceding valuation techniques. The key inputs used to determine the fair value of the collateral-dependent loans and OREO include selling costs, discounted cash flow rate or capitalization rate, and adjustment to comparables. Valuations and significant inputs obtained by independent sources are reviewed by the Company for accuracy and reasonableness. The Company also considers other factors and events in the environment that may affect the fair value. The appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) are reviewed at least quarterly and more frequently based on current market conditions, including deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and when property values may be subject to significant volatility. After review and acceptance of the collateral appraisal or evaluation (new or updated), adjustments to the impaired loan or OREO may occur. The Company generally obtains appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) annually.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Receivables and payables due in one year or less, equity securities without readily determinable fair values and deposits with no defined or contractual maturities are excluded from the table. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2025. Cash and cash equivalents: fair value is estimated at book value. Debt securities, held-to-maturity: fair value for HTM debt securities is estimated in the same manner as AFS debt securities, which is described above. Loans receivable, net of ACL: The loans were fair valued on an individual basis, with consideration given to the loans' underlying characteristics, including account types, remaining terms and balance, interest rates, past delinquencies, current market rates, etc. The model utilizes a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of the loans using various assumptions such as prepayment speeds, projected default probabilities, losses given defaults, etc. The discounted cash flow approach models the credit losses directly in the projected cash flows. The model applies various assumptions regarding credit, interest, and prepayment risks for the loans based on loan types, payment types and fixed or variable classifications. Term Deposits: fair value of term deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates of similar deposits with similar maturities. The market rates used were obtained from an independent third party based on current rates offered by the Company’s regional competitors. FHLB advances: fair value of advances is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for advances with similar terms and maturities. FRB borrowing: fair value of borrowings through the FRB is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company through the FRB Bank Term Funding facility with similar terms and maturities Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds: fair value of term repurchase agreements and other term borrowings is estimated based on current repurchase rates and borrowing rates currently available to the Company for repurchases and borrowings with similar terms and maturities. The estimated fair value for overnight repurchase agreements and other borrowings is book value. Subordinated debentures: fair value of the subordinated debt is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using current estimated market rates obtained from an independent third party. Off-balance sheet financial instruments: unused lines of credit and letters of credit represent the principal categories of off-balance sheet financial instruments. The fair value of commitments is based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing

Borrowings - Scheduled Maturities of FHLB Advances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Advances from Federal Home Loan Banks [Abstract]
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Year One	$ 440,000	$ 1,360,000
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Year Two	0	440,000
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Year Three	0	0
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Year Four	0	0
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Year Five	0	0
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, after Year Five	0	0
Advances from Federal Home Loan Banks, Total	$ 440,000	$ 1,800,000
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances, Weighted Average Interest Rate [Abstract]
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, Year One	4.61%	4.79%
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, Year Two	0.00%	4.61%
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, Year Three	0.00%	0.00%
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, Year Four	0.00%	0.00%
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, Year Five	0.00%	0.00%
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, after Year Five	0.00%	0.00%
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances, Maturities Summary, Average Interest Rate	4.61%	4.75%

Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets	$ 4,539	$ 4,364
Interest on lease liabilities	1,094	844
Operating lease cost	7,110	5,204
Short-term lease cost	599	481
Variable lease cost	2,394	1,706
Sublease income	(89)	(44)
Total lease expense	$ 15,647	$ 12,555

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Nonrecurring Measurements $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	$ 1,887	$ 2,052
Level 3
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	1,887	2,052
Level 3 \| Cost Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	1,381	1,605
Level 3 \| Sales Comparison Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	$ 506	192
Level 3 \| Combined Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL		$ 255
Level 3 \| Minimum \| Cost Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.100	0.100
Level 3 \| Minimum \| Sales Comparison Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.100	0.100
Level 3 \| Minimum \| Combined Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input		0.100
Level 3 \| Maximum \| Cost Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.200	0.100
Level 3 \| Maximum \| Sales Comparison Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.200	0.200
Level 3 \| Maximum \| Combined Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input		0.100
Level 3 \| Weighted Average Range \| Cost Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.103	0.100
Level 3 \| Weighted Average Range \| Sales Comparison Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.101	0.159
Level 3 \| Weighted Average Range \| Combined Approach \| Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input		0.100

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Interest Income
Investment securities	$ 187,130	$ 195,135	$ 201,930
Residential real estate loans	111,135	89,596	71,328
Commercial loans	900,023	765,959	669,663
Consumer and other loans	97,509	89,160	74,734
Total interest income	1,295,797	1,139,850	1,017,655
Interest Expense
Deposits	274,187	272,734	162,426
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	57,172	55,723	36,414
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	62,252	72,620	26,910
FRB Bank Term Funding	0	27,097	93,388
Other borrowed funds	1,932	1,297	1,056
Subordinated debentures	11,214	5,747	5,779
Total interest expense	406,757	435,218	325,973
Net Interest Income	889,040	704,632	691,682
Provision for credit losses	71,400	28,306	14,795
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	817,640	676,326	676,887
Non-Interest Income
Service charges and other fees	85,070	78,894	75,157
Miscellaneous loan fees and charges	20,443	18,694	16,935
Gain on sale of loans	18,205	16,855	12,202
Gain on sale of securities	0	30	1,510
Other income	17,667	13,973	12,275
Total non-interest income	141,385	128,446	118,079
Non-Interest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits	393,295	336,906	309,048
Occupancy and equipment	55,617	47,055	43,578
Advertising and promotions	17,767	16,132	15,430
Data processing	42,744	36,887	33,752
Other real estate owned and foreclosed assets	292	217	119
Regulatory assessments and insurance	22,675	24,194	28,712
Amortization of core deposit and other intangibles	15,887	12,757	9,731
Other expenses	120,500	104,320	86,988
Total non-interest expense	668,777	578,468	527,358
Income Before Income Taxes	290,248	226,304	267,608
Federal and state income tax expense	51,220	36,160	44,681
Net Income	$ 239,028	$ 190,144	$ 222,927
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 2.00	$ 1.68	$ 2.01
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	1.99	1.68	2.01
Dividends declared per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.32	$ 1.32	$ 1.32
Average outstanding shares - basic (in shares)	119,753,227	113,170,157	110,864,501
Average outstanding shares - diluted (in shares)	119,935,056	113,243,427	110,890,447

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities

Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

Transfers in and out of Level 1 (quoted prices in active markets), Level 2 (significant other observable inputs) and Level 3 (significant unobservable inputs) are recognized on the actual transfer date. There were no transfers between fair value hierarchy levels during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023.

Recurring Measurements

The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2025.

Debt securities, available-for-sale. The fair value for AFS debt securities is estimated by obtaining quoted market prices for identical assets, where available. If such prices are not available, fair value is based on independent asset pricing services and models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, market spreads, prepayments, defaults, recoveries, cumulative loss projections, and cash flows. Such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, such securities are classified as Level 3 within the hierarchy.

Fair value determinations of AFS debt securities are the responsibility of the Company’s corporate accounting and treasury departments. The Company obtains fair value estimates from independent third party vendors on a monthly basis. The vendors’ pricing system methodologies, procedures and system controls are reviewed to ensure they are appropriately designed and operating effectively. The Company reviews the vendors’ inputs for fair value estimates and the recommended assignments of levels within the fair value hierarchy. The review includes the extent to which markets for debt securities are determined to have limited or no activity, or are judged to be active markets. The Company reviews the extent to which observable and unobservable inputs are used as well as the appropriateness of the underlying assumptions about risk that a market participant would use in active markets, with adjustments for limited or inactive markets. In considering the inputs to the fair value estimates, the Company places less reliance on quotes that are judged to not reflect orderly transactions, or are non-binding indications. In assessing credit risk, the Company reviews payment performance, collateral adequacy, third party research and analyses, credit rating histories and issuers’ financial statements. For those markets determined to be inactive or limited, the valuation techniques used are models for which management has verified that discount rates are appropriately adjusted to reflect illiquidity and credit risk.

Loans held for sale, at fair value. Loans held for sale measured at fair value, for which an active secondary market and readily available market prices exist, are initially valued at the transaction price and are subsequently valued by using quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan or other observable market data, such as outstanding commitments from third party investors. Loans held for sale measured at fair value are classified within Level 2. Included in gain on sale of loans were net gains of $450,000, net gains of $551,000 and net gains of $264,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from the changes in fair value of loans held for sale measured at fair value. Electing to measure loans held for sale at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in fair value of these assets with changes in the value of the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them without the burden of complying with the requirements for hedge accounting.

Loan interest rate lock commitments. Fair value estimates for loan interest rate lock commitments were based upon the estimated sales price, origination fees, direct costs, interest rate changes, etc. and were obtained from an independent third party. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

Forward commitments to sell TBA securities. Forward commitments to sell TBA securities are used to economically hedge the interest rate risk associated with certain loan commitments. The fair value estimates for the TBA commitments were based upon the estimated sale of the TBA hedge obtained from an independent third party. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

Interest rate cap derivative financial instruments. Fair value estimates for interest rate cap derivative financial instruments were based upon the discounted cash flows of known payments plus the option value of each cap which incorporates market rate forecasts and implied market volatilities. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company also obtained and compared the reasonableness of the pricing from independent third party valuations.

Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments. Fair value estimates for interest rate swap derivative financial instruments were based upon the estimated amounts to settle the contracts considering current interest rates and were calculated using discounted cash flows. The inputs used to determine fair value included the compounded overnight SOFR rate to estimate variable rate cash inflows and the overnight SOFR swap rate to estimate the discount rate. The estimated variable rate cash inflows were compared to the fixed rate outflows and such difference was discounted to a present value to estimate the fair value of the interest rate swaps. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company also obtained and compared the reasonableness of the pricing from independent third party valuations.

The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value December 31, 2025		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Debt securities, available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	255,930	—	255,930	—
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	312,488		—	312,488	—
State and local governments	164,084		—	164,084	—
Corporate bonds	33,949		—	33,949	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,215,119		—	2,215,119	—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,025,942		—	1,025,942	—
Loans held for sale, at fair value	39,186		—	39,186	—
Interest rate caps	2,128		—	2,128	—
Interest rate swap	244		—	244	—
Interest rate locks	700		—	700	—
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	4,049,770	—	4,049,770	—


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value December 31, 2024		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Debt securities, available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	468,433	—	468,433	—
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	310,154		—	310,154	—
State and local governments	68,680		—	68,680	—
Corporate bonds	14,503		—	14,503	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,355,516		—	2,355,516	—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,027,919		—	1,027,919	—
Loans held for sale, at fair value	33,060		—	33,060	—
Interest rate caps	720		—	720	—
Interest rate swap	9,287		—	9,287	—
Interest rate locks	410		—	410	—
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	4,288,682	—	4,288,682	—

Non-recurring Measurements

The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2025.

Other real estate owned. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell, establishing a new cost basis. OREO is subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell. Estimated fair value of OREO is based on appraisals or evaluations (new or updated). OREO is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Collateral-dependent loans, net of ACL. Fair value estimates of collateral-dependent loans that are individually reviewed are based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. Collateral-dependent individually reviewed loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s credit department reviews appraisals for OREO and collateral-dependent loans, giving consideration to the highest and best use of the collateral. The appraisal or evaluation (new or updated) is considered the starting point for determining fair value. The valuation techniques used in preparing appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) include the cost approach, income approach, sales comparison approach, or a combination of the preceding valuation techniques. The key inputs used to determine the fair value of the collateral-dependent loans and OREO include selling costs, discounted cash flow rate or capitalization rate, and adjustment to comparables. Valuations and significant inputs obtained by independent sources are reviewed by the Company for accuracy and reasonableness. The Company also considers other factors and events in the environment that may affect the fair value. The appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) are reviewed at least quarterly and more frequently based on current market conditions, including deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and when property values may be subject to significant volatility. After review and acceptance of the collateral appraisal or evaluation (new or updated), adjustments to the impaired loan or OREO may occur. The Company generally obtains appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) annually.

The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets with a recorded change during the period resulting from re-measuring the assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis:


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value December 31, 2025		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	$	1,887	—	—	1,887

Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	1,887	—	—	1,887


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value December 31, 2024		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	$	2,052	—	—	2,052
Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	2,052	—	—	2,052

Non-recurring Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

Fair Value

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31,
2025

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted- Average) 1

Collateral-dependent
impaired loans, net of ACL

1,381

Cost approach

Selling costs

10.0% - 20.0% (10.3%)

506

Sales comparison approach

Selling costs

10.0% - 20.0% (10.1%)

1,887

Fair Value

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31,
2024

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted- Average) 1

Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL

1,605

Cost approach

Selling costs

10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%)

192

Sales comparison approach

Selling costs

10.0% - 20.0% (15.9%)

255

Combined approach

Selling costs

10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%)

2,052

______________________________

1 The range for selling cost inputs represents reductions to the fair value of the assets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following tables present the carrying amounts, estimated fair values and the level within the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments not carried at fair value. Receivables and payables due in one year or less, equity securities without readily determinable fair values and deposits with no defined or contractual maturities are excluded from the table. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2025.

Cash and cash equivalents: fair value is estimated at book value.

Debt securities, held-to-maturity: fair value for HTM debt securities is estimated in the same manner as AFS debt securities, which is described above.

Loans receivable, net of ACL: The loans were fair valued on an individual basis, with consideration given to the loans' underlying characteristics, including account types, remaining terms and balance, interest rates, past delinquencies, current market rates, etc. The model utilizes a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of the loans using various assumptions such as prepayment speeds, projected default probabilities, losses given defaults, etc. The discounted cash flow approach models the credit losses directly in the projected cash flows. The model applies various assumptions regarding credit, interest, and prepayment risks for the loans based on loan types, payment types and fixed or variable classifications.

Term Deposits: fair value of term deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates of similar deposits with similar maturities. The market rates used were obtained from an independent third party based on current rates offered by the Company’s regional competitors.

FHLB advances: fair value of advances is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for advances with similar terms and maturities.

FRB borrowing: fair value of borrowings through the FRB is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company through the FRB Bank Term Funding facility with similar terms and maturities

Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds: fair value of term repurchase agreements and other term borrowings is estimated based on current repurchase rates and borrowing rates currently available to the Company for repurchases and borrowings with similar terms and maturities. The estimated fair value for overnight repurchase agreements and other borrowings is book value.

Subordinated debentures: fair value of the subordinated debt is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using current estimated market rates obtained from an independent third party.

Off-balance sheet financial instruments: unused lines of credit and letters of credit represent the principal categories of off-balance sheet financial instruments. The fair value of commitments is based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. The fair value of unused lines of credit and letters of credit is not material; therefore, such commitments are not included in the following tables.


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount December 31, 2025		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,235,261	1,235,261	—	—
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	3,110,216		—	2,880,116	—
Loans receivable, net of ACL	20,672,477		—	—	20,779,943
Total financial assets	$	25,017,954	1,235,261	2,880,116	20,779,943
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	$	3,928,550	—	3,967,087	—
FHLB advances	440,000		—	440,175	—

Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	2,135,586		—	2,135,586	—
Subordinated debentures	187,492		—	175,069	—
Total financial liabilities	$	6,691,628	—	6,717,917	—


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount December 31, 2024		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	848,408	848,408	—	—
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	3,294,847		—	2,968,570	—
Loans receivable, net of ACL	17,055,808		—	—	17,017,298
Total financial assets	$	21,199,063	848,408	2,968,570	17,017,298
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	$	3,139,821	—	3,176,722	—
FHLB advances	1,800,000		—	1,797,310	—

Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	1,839,537		—	1,839,537	—
Subordinated debentures	133,105		—	122,785	—
Total financial liabilities	$	6,912,463	—	6,936,354	—

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (bbb)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 107
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 100
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(3)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6A
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2E
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6A
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6A
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6A
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6A
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (g)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 940
-SubTopic 820
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1

+ Details

Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]
Lease income	$ 1,849	$ 1,592

Variable Interest Entities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entities

A VIE is a partnership, limited liability company, trust or other legal entity that meets one of the following criteria: 1) the entity’s equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties; 2) the holders of the equity investment at risk, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; and 3) the voting rights of some holders of the equity investment at risk are disproportionate to their obligation to absorb losses or receive returns, and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of the holder of equity investment at risk with disproportionately few voting rights. A VIE must be consolidated by the Company if it is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, which is the party involved with the VIE that has both: 1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance; and 2) the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company’s VIEs are regularly monitored to determine if any reconsideration events have occurred that could cause the primary beneficiary status to change. A previously unconsolidated VIE is consolidated when the Company becomes the primary beneficiary. A previously consolidated VIE is deconsolidated when the Company ceases to be the primary beneficiary or the entity is no longer a VIE.

Consolidated Variable Interest Entities

The Company has equity investments in Certified Development Entities (“CDE”) which have received allocations of New Markets Tax Credits (“NMTC”). The NMTC program provides federal tax incentives to investors to make investments in distressed communities and promotes economic improvements through the development of successful businesses in these communities. The NMTC is available to investors over seven years and is subject to recapture if certain events occur during such period. The maximum exposure to loss in the CDEs is the amount of equity invested and credit extended by the Company. However, the Company has credit protection in the form of indemnification agreements, guarantees, and collateral arrangements. The Company has evaluated the variable interests held by the Company in each CDE (NMTC) investment and determined the Company does not individually meet the characteristics of a primary beneficiary; however, the related party group does meet the criteria as a group and substantially all of the activities of the CDEs either involve or are conducted on behalf of the Company. As a result, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the CDEs and their assets, liabilities, and results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The primary activities of the CDEs are recognized in commercial loans interest income and other borrowed funds interest expense on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and the federal income tax credit allocations from the investments are recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as a component of income tax expense. Such related cash flows are recognized in loans originated, principal collected on loans and change in other borrowed funds.

The Bank is also the sole member of certain tax credit funds that make direct investments in qualified affordable housing projects (e.g., Low-Income Housing Tax Credit [“LIHTC”] partnerships). As such, the Company is the primary beneficiary of these tax credit funds and their assets, liabilities, and results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities included in the Company’s statements of financial condition and are adjusted for intercompany eliminations. All assets presented can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs and all liabilities presented consist of liabilities for which creditors and other beneficial interest holders therein have no recourse to the general credit of the Company.


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Loans receivable	$	95,701	123,064

Other assets	91,461		79,858
Total assets	$	187,162	202,922
Liabilities
Other borrowed funds	$	51,474	62,062
Accrued interest payable	418		270
Other liabilities	31,852		27,577
Total liabilities	$	83,744	89,909

Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities

The Company has equity investments in LIHTC partnerships, both directly and through tax credit funds, with carrying values of $216,650,000 and $203,124,000 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The LIHTCs are indirect federal subsidies to finance low-income housing and are used in connection with both newly constructed and renovated residential rental buildings. Once a project is placed in service, it is generally eligible for the tax credit for ten years. To continue generating the tax credit and to avoid tax credit recapture, a LIHTC building must satisfy specific low-income housing compliance rules for a full fifteen years. The maximum exposure to loss in the VIEs is the amount of equity invested and credit extended by the Company. However, the Company has credit protection in the form of indemnification agreements, guarantees, and collateral arrangements. The Company has evaluated the variable interests held by the Company in each LIHTC investment and determined that the Company does not have controlling financial interests in such investments and is not the primary beneficiary. The Company reports the investments in the unconsolidated LIHTCs as other assets on the Company’s statements of financial condition and any unfunded equity commitments in other liabilities. There were no impairment losses on the Company’s LIHTC investments during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. Future unfunded contingent equity commitments related to the Company’s LIHTC investments at December 31, 2025 are as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Amount
Years ending December 31,
2026	$	53,488
2027	22,204
2028	1,288
2029	652
2030	559
Thereafter	2,118
Total	$	80,309

The Company has elected to use the proportional amortization method, and more specifically, the practical expedient method, for the amortization of all eligible LIHTC investments and amortization expense is recognized as a component of income tax expense. The following table summarizes the amortization expense and the amount of tax credits and other tax benefits recognized for qualified affordable housing project investments during the periods presented.


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Amortization expense	$	24,038	19,076	15,178
Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized	30,851		25,405	19,908

The Company also owns trust subsidiaries, each of which issued trust preferred securities as capital instruments. The trust subsidiaries have no assets, operations, revenues or cash flows other than those related to the issuance, administration and repayment of the securities held by third parties. The trust subsidiaries are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements because the sole asset of each trust subsidiary is a receivable from the Company, even though the Company owns all of the voting equity shares of the trust subsidiaries, has fully guaranteed the obligations of the trust subsidiaries and may have the right to redeem the third party securities under certain circumstances. The Company reports the trust preferred securities issued to the trust subsidiaries as subordinated debentures on the Company’s statements of financial condition. For additional information on the Company’s investments in trust subsidiaries, see Note 11.

Employee Benefit Plans (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plans (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($) quarter year hour	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plan
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Minimum age required to be considered eligible for plan \| year	18
Period of employment required to be eligible for plan	3 months
Minimum number of quarters required to be eligible for employer discretionary contribution \| quarter	1
Minimum number of hours required to be considered eligible for employer discretionary contribution \| hour	501
Percent rate for non-elective safe harbor contribution as component of profit sharing plan	3.00%
Cost of plan	$ 14,543	$ 10,644	$ 13,409
Age of employee \| year	50
Percentage of amount out of first specific percent of employee's contribution matched under plan	50.00%
Percentage of employee's contribution required to determine the matched amount under the plan	6.00%
Company's contribution to the plan	$ 7,769	6,794	6,074
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plan \| Age Under 50
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Maximum percentage of annual compensation allowable for contribution by eligible employees	80.00%
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plan \| Age 50 and Over
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Maximum percentage of annual compensation allowable for contribution by eligible employees	100.00%
Deferred Compensation Plan
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Cost of plan	$ 382	346	374
Percentage of salary for deferral of cash payments	50.00%
Percentage of bonuses and directors fees for deferral of cash payments	100.00%
Liability related to obligations of deferred compensation plans	$ 11,923	11,926
Total amount deferred	$ 1,793	1,807	1,860
Credit earning rate as a percentage of return on equity	50.00%
Deferred Compensation Plan Acquired
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Cost of plan	$ 1,342	1,069	1,062
Liability related to obligations of deferred compensation plans	25,183	18,837
Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Cost of plan	175	165	267
Company's contribution to the plan	456	263	$ 643
Liability related to obligations of deferred compensation plans	$ 5,708	$ 5,615
Credit earning rate as a percentage of return on equity	50.00%

Loans Receivable, Net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable, net	$ 20,672,477	$ 17,055,808
Percentage of consolidated stockholders equity exceeding which no borrower had outstanding loans or commitments	10.00%
Provision for credit losses	$ 61,846	27,179	$ 20,790
Nonaccrual interest income reversed	1,424	351	356
Financing receivable, modified, commitment to lend	0	462
Consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process	2,935	207
Related Party
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable, net	117,632	110,150
Origination of notes receivable from related parties	26,281
Repayment of notes receivable from related parties	18,799
Asset Pledged as Collateral
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable, net	12,149,092
Bank of Idaho And Guaranty Bancshares, Inc
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses	43,940
Wheatland and RMB
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses		8,072
Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
OREO secured by residential real estate	155	0
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses	30,069	10,446	6,748
Commercial Real Estate \| Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans modified in period		183
Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses	$ 17,107	$ 7,162	$ 1,996

Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Derivative Instruments

The following table presents the derivatives that are recorded at fair value in other assets or other liabilities.


	December 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Maturity	Notional Amount		Fair Value Asset (Liability)	Notional Amount	Fair Value Asset (Liability)
Fair value hedge designation
Interest rate swap agreements	0.29 years	$	1,395,500	244	1,630,500	9,287
Interest rate cap agreements	4.62 years	100,000		2,128	—	—

Cash flow hedge designation
Interest rate cap agreements	—	—		—	86,500	720

Non-designated derivatives
Interest rate lock commitments		44,089		700	22,977	410
TBA commitments		55,250		(241)	29,000	169

The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges for the respective periods:


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost of the Hedged Assets			Amortized Cost of Fair Value Hedging Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
Line item on the balance sheet	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
Investment securities available-for-sale - swap	$	2,692,319	3,242,878	(244)	(9,287)
Investment securities available-for-sale - cap	99,528		—	(315)	—

The effects of the fair value hedge relationships on the income statement during the years ended were as follows:


		Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	Location of Gain (Loss)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Interest rate swap	Interest income on investment securities	$	1,002	20,743	(16,447)
Interest rate caps	Interest income on investment securities	(36)		—	—
Available-for-sale debt securities	Interest income on investment securities	9,043		(7,451)	17,988

Effect of Fair Value Hedge on OCI

The effect of cash flow hedge accounting on OCI for the years ended were as follows:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Amount of (loss) gain recognized in OCI	$	(657)	777	2,006
Amount of gain reclassified from OCI to interest expense	63		4,879	4,605

The effect of fair value hedge accounting on OCI for the interest rate cap agreements for the years ended were as follows:

Years ended

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31,
2025

Amount of (loss) gain recognized in OCI

(27)

Subordinated Debentures (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Debt Instruments [Abstract]

Summary of subordinated debentures

The Company’s subordinated debentures are reflected in the table below. The amounts include fair value adjustments from acquisitions.


	December 31, 2025				Rate Structure	Maturity Date
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		Rate
Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
First Company Statutory Trust 2001	$	3,773	7.402	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.30%	07/31/2031
First Company Statutory Trust 2003	2,767		7.200	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.25%	03/26/2033
FNB (UT) Statutory Trust I	4,124		7.050	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.10%	06/26/2033
Glacier Capital Trust II	46,393		6.916	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 2.75%	04/07/2034
Citizens (ID) Statutory Trust I	5,155		6.616	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 2.65%	06/17/2034
Glacier Capital Trust III	36,083		5.456	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.29%	04/07/2036
Glacier Capital Trust IV	30,928		5.555	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.57%	09/15/2036
Guaranty (TX) Capital Trust III	1,763		5.917	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.67%	10/01/2036
FNB (UT) Statutory Trust II	1,861		5.705	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.72%	12/15/2036
Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation Trust I	2,183		5.874	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.82%	03/01/2037
DCB Financial Trust I	4,425		5.785	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.80%	06/15/2037
Total subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries	$	139,455
Subordinated debentures
Bank of Idaho Holding Co 2021	$	14,365	3.375	%	Fixed	09/30/2031
Stifel Nicolaus & Co 2022	33,672		3.625	%	Fixed	04/01/2032
Total subordinated debentures	$	187,492

Stock-based Compensation Plan - Summary of Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock Units
Beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	289,508
Granted (in shares) \| shares	184,916
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(167,849)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(9,156)
Ending balance (in shares) \| shares	297,419
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 43.70
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	49.16
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	46.35
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	44.41
Ending balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 45.70

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Assets
Cash on hand and in banks	$ 321,526	$ 268,746
Interest bearing cash deposits	913,735	579,662
Cash and cash equivalents	1,235,261	848,408
Debt securities, available-for-sale	4,007,512	4,245,205
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	3,110,216	3,294,847
Total debt securities	7,117,728	7,540,052
Loans held for sale, at fair value	39,186	33,060
Loans receivable	20,927,796	17,261,849
Allowance for credit losses	(255,319)	(206,041)
Loans receivable, net	20,672,477	17,055,808
Premises and equipment, net	486,184	411,968
Right-of-use assets, net	75,574	56,252
Other real estate owned and foreclosed assets	411	1,164
Accrued interest receivable	120,092	99,262
Deferred tax asset, net	101,337	138,955
Intangibles, net	105,269	51,182
Goodwill	1,378,283	1,051,318
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost	42,764	99,669
Bank-owned life insurance	235,090	189,849
Other assets	368,407	326,040
Total assets	31,978,063	27,902,987
Liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits	7,314,779	6,136,709
Interest bearing deposits	17,276,317	14,410,285
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	2,084,113	1,777,475
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	440,000	1,800,000
Other borrowed funds	51,473	62,062
Finance lease liabilities	28,808	21,279
Subordinated debentures	187,492	133,105
Accrued interest payable	32,786	33,626
Operating lease liabilities	52,869	39,902
Other liabilities	295,605	264,690
Total liabilities	27,764,242	24,679,133
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	0	0
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred shares, $0.01 par value per share, 1,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 234,000,000 shares authorized	1,300	1,134
Paid-in capital	3,220,064	2,448,758
Retained earnings - substantially restricted	1,159,567	1,083,258
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(167,110)	(309,296)
Total stockholders’ equity	4,213,821	3,223,854
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 31,978,063	$ 27,902,987
Number of common stock shares issued (in shares)	129,971,712	113,401,955
Number of common stock shares outstanding (in shares)	129,971,712	113,401,955

Deposits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Deposits [Abstract]

Deposits

Time deposits that meet or exceed the FDIC limit of $250,000 at December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $1,615,554,000 and $1,266,371,000, respectively.

The scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows and includes $0 of wholesale deposits as of December 31, 2025:


(Dollars in thousands)	Amount
Years ending December 31,
2026	$	3,720,798
2027	110,488
2028	31,641
2029	15,129
2030	50,144
Thereafter	350
	$	3,928,550

The Company reclassified $11,393,000 and $11,694,000 of overdraft demand deposits to loans as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company has entered into deposit transactions with its executive officers, directors and their affiliates. The aggregate amount of deposits with such related parties at December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $35,948,000 and $30,403,000, respectively.

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Fair Value Measurements on a Non-Recurring Basis (Details) - Nonrecurring Measurements - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Assets with a recorded change from re-measuring at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	$ 1,887	$ 2,052
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	1,887	2,052
Level 1
Assets with a recorded change from re-measuring at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Level 2
Assets with a recorded change from re-measuring at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Level 3
Assets with a recorded change from re-measuring at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	1,887	2,052
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$ 1,887	$ 2,052

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

The following table illustrates the activity within accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income by component, net of tax:


(Dollars in thousands)	(Losses) Gains on Available-For-Sale and Transferred Debt Securities		(Losses) Gains on Derivatives Used for Cash Flow Hedges	(Losses) Gains on Derivatives Used for Fair Value Hedges	Total
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(474,338)	5,546	—	(468,792)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	92,391		1,521	—	93,912
Reclassification adjustments for losses and transfers included in net income	24		(3,452)	—	(3,428)
Reclassification adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities	4,195		—	—	4,195
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	96,610		(1,931)	—	94,679
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	(377,728)	3,615	—	(374,113)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	64,386		588	—	64,974
Reclassification adjustments for losses and transfers included in net income	(42)		(3,663)	—	(3,705)
Reclassification adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities	3,548		—	—	3,548
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	67,892		(3,075)	—	64,817
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	(309,836)	540	—	(309,296)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	138,550		(493)	(27)	138,030
Reclassification adjustments for losses and transfers included in net income	—		(47)	—	(47)
Reclassifications adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities	4,203		—	—	4,203
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	142,753		(540)	(27)	142,186
Balance at December 31, 2025	$	(167,083)	—	(27)	(167,110)

Loans Receivable, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans Receivable, Net

The following table presents loans receivable for each portfolio segment of loans:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Residential real estate	$	2,457,907	1,858,929
Commercial real estate	13,565,512		10,963,713
Other commercial	3,497,829		3,119,535
Home equity	977,206		930,994
Other consumer	429,342		388,678
Loans receivable	20,927,796		17,261,849
Allowance for credit losses	(255,319)		(206,041)
Loans receivable, net	$	20,672,477	17,055,808
Net deferred origination (fees) costs included in loans receivable	$	(32,715)	(29,187)
Net purchase accounting (discounts) premiums included in loans receivable	$	(76,963)	(34,361)
Accrued interest receivable on loans	$	94,251	73,935

Substantially all of the Company’s loans receivable are with borrowers in the Company’s geographic market areas. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of borrowers’ ability to service their obligations is dependent upon the economic performance in the Company’s markets.

Excluding acquisitions, the Company had no significant purchases or sales of portfolio loans or reclassification of loans held for investment to loans held for sale during 2025 and 2024.

At December 31, 2025, the Company had loans of $12,149,092,000 pledged as collateral for FHLB advances and FRB discount window. The Company is subject to regulatory limits for the amount of loans to any individual borrower and the Company is in compliance with this regulation as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. No borrower had outstanding loans or commitments exceeding 10 percent of the Company’s consolidated stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2025.

The Company has entered into transactions with its executive officers and directors and their affiliates. The aggregate amount of loans outstanding to such related parties at December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $117,632,000 and $110,150,000, respectively. During 2025, transactions included new loans to such related parties of $26,281,000, and repayments of $18,799,000. In management’s opinion, such loans were made in the ordinary course of business and were made on substantially the same terms as those prevailing at the time for comparable transaction with other persons.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Receivable

The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on loans. The following tables summarize the activity in the ACL:


	Year ended December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Balance at beginning of period	$	206,041	25,181	138,545	24,400	11,402	6,513
Acquisitions	154		6	16	15	—	117
Provision for credit losses	61,846		6,415	30,069	17,107	271	7,984
Charge-offs	(18,682)		(1)	(2,294)	(6,258)	(106)	(10,023)
Recoveries	5,960		274	467	2,690	78	2,451
Balance at end of period	$	255,319	31,875	166,803	37,954	11,645	7,042


	Year ended December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Balance at beginning of period	$	192,757	22,325	130,924	21,194	11,766	6,548

Acquisitions	3		—	3	—	—	—
Provision for credit losses	27,179		2,862	10,446	7,162	(369)	7,078
Charge-offs	(18,626)		(40)	(2,896)	(5,778)	(131)	(9,781)
Recoveries	4,728		34	68	1,822	136	2,668
Balance at end of period	$	206,041	25,181	138,545	24,400	11,402	6,513


	Year ended December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Balance at beginning of period	$	182,283	19,683	125,816	21,454	10,759	4,571


Provision for credit losses	20,790		2,645	6,748	1,996	969	8,432
Charge-offs	(15,095)		(20)	(2,080)	(3,891)	(129)	(8,975)
Recoveries	4,779		17	440	1,635	167	2,520
Balance at end of period	$	192,757	22,325	130,924	21,194	11,766	6,548

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the ACL increased primarily due to the $43,940,000 provision for credit losses recorded as a result of the BOID and Guaranty acquisitions. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the ACL increased primarily due to the 8,072,000 provision for credit losses recorded as a result of the Wheatland and RMB acquisitions. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the ACL increased primarily as a result of loan portfolio growth.

The sizeable charge-offs in the other consumer loan segment was driven by deposit overdraft charge-offs which typically experience high charge-off rates and the amounts were comparable to historical trends. The other segments generally experience routine charge-offs and recoveries, with occasional large credit relationships charge-offs and recoveries that cause fluctuations from prior periods. During the year ended December 31, 2025, there have been no significant changes to the types of collateral securing collateral-dependent loans.

Aging Analysis

The following tables present an aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Accruing loans 30-59 days past due	$	60,719	14,310	30,212	7,382	4,525	4,290
Accruing loans 60-89 days past due	18,107		6,505	4,366	4,980	991	1,265
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due	5,997		1,857	967	2,882	120	171
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	59,775		13,611	15,783	25,916	3,611	854
Non-accrual loans with ACL	2,712		581	—	1,974	—	157
Total past due and non-accrual loans	147,310		36,864	51,328	43,134	9,247	6,737
Current loans receivable	20,780,486		2,421,043	13,514,184	3,454,695	967,959	422,605
Total loans receivable	$	20,927,796	2,457,907	13,565,512	3,497,829	977,206	429,342


	December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Accruing loans 30-59 days past due	$	25,347	5,195	8,852	6,261	1,965	3,074
Accruing loans 60-89 days past due	6,881		404	2,792	1,180	1,699	806
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due	6,177		1,509	2,899	985	646	138
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	20,060		6,850	8,012	1,691	2,826	681
Non-accrual loans with ACL	385		75	—	167	—	143
Total past due and non-accrual loans	58,850		14,033	22,555	10,284	7,136	4,842
Current loans receivable	17,202,999		1,844,896	10,941,158	3,109,251	923,858	383,836
Total loans receivable	$	17,261,849	1,858,929	10,963,713	3,119,535	930,994	388,678

The Company had $1,424,000, $351,000, and $356,000 of interest reversed on non-accrual loans during the year ended December 31, 2025, December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Collateral-Dependent Loans

A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The collateral on the loans is a significant portion of what secures the collateral-dependent loans and significant changes to the fair value of the collateral can impact the ACL. During 2025, there were no significant changes to collateral which secures the collateral-dependent loans, whether due to general deterioration or other reasons. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by collateral type:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Business assets	$	21,741	—	—	21,741	—	—
Residential real estate	20,196		13,638	1,749	1,236	3,512	61
Other real estate	23,227		—	22,328	476	41	382
Other	4,311		—	—	3,535	—	776
Total	$	69,475	13,638	24,077	26,988	3,553	1,219


	December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Business assets	$	11,483	—	—	11,480	—	3
Residential real estate	14,425		6,924	4,107	508	2,808	78
Other real estate	22,016		1	21,066	561	18	370
Other	1,055		—	—	383	—	672
Total	$	48,979	6,925	25,173	12,932	2,826	1,123

Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The following disclosures for loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (“MBFD”) are presented in the following tables and show the amortized cost basis at the end of the periods of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by segment:


		At or for the Year ended December 31, 2025
	Term Extension and Payment Deferral					Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
(Dollars in thousands)		Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable			Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable		Total
Residential real estate		$	406	—	%		$	447	—	%	$	853
Commercial real estate		2,661		—	%		649		—	%	3,310
Other commercial		10,604		0.30	%		50		—	%	10,654


Total		$	13,671				$	1,146			$	14,817


		At or for the Year ended December 31, 2024
	Term Extension and Payment Deferral					Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
(Dollars in thousands)		Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable			Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable		Total


Commercial real estate		$	11,993	0.10	%		$	28,850	0.30	%	$	40,843
Other commercial		13,721		0.40	%		468		—	%	14,189


Total		$	25,714				$	29,318			$	55,032

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by segment:

At or for the Year ended December 31, 2025

(Dollars in thousands)

Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction

Weighted Average Term Extension

Principal Forgiveness

Residential real estate

0.15%

1.1 years

$—

Commercial real estate

2.53%

10 months

$—

Other commercial

1.47%

9 months

$—

At or for the Year ended December 31, 2024

(Dollars in thousands)

Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction

Weighted Average Term Extension

Principal Forgiveness

Commercial real estate

1.91%

3 months

$—

Other commercial

0.10%

5 months

$—

The following tables depict the performance of loans that have been modified in the last twelve months by segment:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Current	30-89 Days Past Due	90 Days or More Past Due	Non-Accrual
Residential real estate	$	853	—	—	—	853
Commercial real estate	3,310		3,221	—	—	89
Other commercial	10,654		9,346	1,031	—	277


Total	$	14,817	12,567	1,031	—	1,219


	December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Current	30-89 Days Past Due	90 Days or More Past Due	Non-Accrual

Commercial real estate	$	40,843	37,585	—	—	3,258
Other commercial	14,189		12,829	1,029	—	331


Total	$	55,032	50,414	1,029	—	3,589

Loans that were modified in the twelve months that had a payment default during the period had an ending balances of $277,000 and $183,000 for periods ending December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and were included in other commercial loans. There were $0 and $462,000 of additional unfunded commitments on MBFD’s outstanding at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had $2,935,000 and $207,000, respectively, of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had $155,000 and $0, respectively, of OREO secured by residential real estate properties.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes commercial real estate and other commercial loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their obligations. The following tables present the amortized cost in commercial real estate and other commercial loans based on the Company’s internal risk rating. The date of a modification, renewal or extension of a loan is considered for the year of origination if the terms of the loan are as favorable to the Company as the terms are for a comparable loan to other borrowers with similar credit risk.


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Charge-Offs		Total	Pass	Special Mention	Substandard	Doubtful/ Loss
Commercial real estate loans
Term loans by origination year
2025	$	—	2,114,996	2,109,129	4,397	1,470	—
2024	51		1,622,518	1,609,785	8,433	4,300	—
2023	—		1,349,042	1,318,470	22,639	7,933	—
2022	2,243		2,537,806	2,461,577	58,488	17,741	—
2021	—		2,087,103	1,987,311	35,463	64,329	—
Prior	—		3,399,784	3,283,767	46,443	69,574	—
Revolving loans	—		454,263	440,697	11,055	2,511	—

Total	$	2,294	13,565,512	13,210,736	186,918	167,858	—
Other commercial loans
Term loans by origination year
2025	$	3,569	512,778	503,334	6,920	2,304	220
2024	306		333,688	329,068	1,554	3,066	—
2023	913		233,025	223,699	4,153	4,797	376
2022	86		477,443	466,556	2,366	8,519	2
2021	1,069		402,519	392,403	3,337	6,774	5
Prior	315		595,651	574,367	9,913	11,343	28
Revolving loans	—		942,725	889,147	29,827	23,741	10

Total	$	6,258	3,497,829	3,378,574	58,070	60,544	641


	December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Charge-Offs		Total	Pass	Special Mention	Substandard	Doubtful/ Loss
Commercial real estate loans
Term loans by origination year
2024	$	—	1,321,385	1,287,352	5,674	28,359	—
2023	—		1,334,689	1,311,808	18,151	4,730	—
2022	1,437		2,367,874	2,307,217	26,662	33,995	—
2021	1,128		2,043,830	1,988,629	30,965	24,236	—
2020	5		1,043,858	1,036,774	—	7,084	—
Prior	326		2,515,573	2,446,084	25,922	43,567	—
Revolving loans	—		336,504	331,130	1,199	4,175	—

Total	$	2,896	10,963,713	10,708,994	108,573	146,146	—
Other commercial loans
Term loans by origination year
2024	$	4,260	407,909	402,180	3,687	1,641	401
2023	83		315,890	312,154	533	3,203	—
2022	373		496,999	492,111	463	4,423	2
2021	525		462,173	452,731	743	8,680	19
2020	291		203,771	199,643	44	4,083	1
Prior	246		495,291	468,850	—	26,441	—
Revolving loans	—		737,502	706,991	17,612	12,886	13

Total	$	5,778	3,119,535	3,034,660	23,082	61,357	436

For residential real estate, home equity and other consumer loan segments, the Company evaluates credit quality primarily on the aging status of the loan. The following tables present the amortized cost in residential real estate, home equity and other consumer loans based on payment performance:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Charge-Offs		Total	Performing	30-89 Days Past Due	Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due
Residential real estate loans
Term loans by origination year
2025	$	—	283,293	283,293	—	—
2024	1		283,422	278,922	2,232	2,268
2023	—		297,393	293,384	1,184	2,825
2022	—		727,941	718,191	6,831	2,919
2021	—		502,487	499,821	1,366	1,300
Prior	—		312,772	297,067	8,968	6,737
Revolving loans	—		50,599	50,365	234	—

Total	$	1	2,457,907	2,421,043	20,815	16,049
Home equity loans
Term loans by origination year
2025	$	—	474	474	—	—
2024	—		2,397	2,397	—	—
2023	—		1,457	1,033	400	24
2022	31		2,113	2,054	—	59
2021	65		3,792	3,792	—	—
Prior	10		3,381	3,321	19	41
Revolving loans	—		963,592	954,888	5,097	3,607

Total	$	106	977,206	967,959	5,516	3,731
Other consumer loans
Term loans by origination year
2025	$	8,238	143,910	140,869	3,025	16
2024	240		83,178	82,551	470	157
2023	413		68,406	67,016	1,027	363
2022	751		39,801	39,126	441	234
2021	146		25,329	25,018	166	145
Prior	235		29,233	28,982	67	184
Revolving loans	—		39,485	39,043	359	83

Total	$	10,023	429,342	422,605	5,555	1,182


	December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Charge-Offs		Total	Performing	30-89 Days Past Due	Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due
Residential real estate loans
Term loans by origination year
2024	$	40	211,519	210,806	—	713
2023	—		267,000	264,817	1,407	776
2022	—		655,918	652,993	2,566	359
2021	—		455,196	452,628	959	1,609
2020	—		90,752	90,649	—	103
Prior	—		178,544	173,003	667	4,874


Total	$	40	1,858,929	1,844,896	5,599	8,434
Home equity loans
Term loans by origination year
2024	$	—	219	219	—	—
2023	17		1,072	1,045	—	27
2022	8		1,858	1,858	—	—
2021	—		780	780	—	—
2020	—		78	78	—	—
Prior	106		4,353	4,264	4	85
Revolving loans	—		922,634	915,614	3,660	3,360

Total	$	131	930,994	923,858	3,664	3,472
Other consumer loans
Term loans by origination year
2024	$	8,456	116,312	114,164	2,139	9
2023	431		89,684	89,218	262	204
2022	467		64,808	63,843	665	300
2021	238		36,755	36,233	261	261
2020	34		18,648	18,601	41	6
Prior	155		20,014	19,738	103	173
Revolving loans	—		42,457	42,039	409	9

Total	$	9,781	388,678	383,836	3,880	962

Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Accumulated impairment charge	$ 40,159	$ 40,159

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The following table presents the derivatives that are recorded at fair value in other assets or other liabilities.


	December 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Maturity	Notional Amount		Fair Value Asset (Liability)	Notional Amount	Fair Value Asset (Liability)
Fair value hedge designation
Interest rate swap agreements	0.29 years	$	1,395,500	244	1,630,500	9,287
Interest rate cap agreements	4.62 years	100,000		2,128	—	—

Cash flow hedge designation
Interest rate cap agreements	—	—		—	86,500	720

Non-designated derivatives
Interest rate lock commitments		44,089		700	22,977	410
TBA commitments		55,250		(241)	29,000	169

The Company has established objectives and strategies that include ongoing monitoring and management of interest rate risk. The Company monitors interest rate risk through simulation modeling to quantify the estimated exposure to net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. The goal of the asset/liability management is to maintain profitability within established risk parameters. In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into interest rate lock commitments with customers which exposes the Company to interest rate risk. To mitigate such risk the Company enters into TBA commitments to reduce the price fluctuations of the interest rate lock commitments. As part of the overall asset/liability strategy, the Company enters into certain fair value hedge and cash flow hedge agreements to manage a portion of the interest rate risk. The following provides additional information related to the Company’s hedging transactions. The fair value hedges and cash flow hedges were highly effective when initiated and on an on-going basis.

Cash Flow Hedges

Interest Rate Cap Agreements.

The Company had interest rate cap agreements designated as cash flow hedges on its variable rate subordinated debt, all of which matured prior to March 31, 2025. The interest rate caps required receipt of variable rate amounts from the counterparty when the interest rate rose above the strike price in the agreement.

The effect of cash flow hedge accounting on OCI for the years ended were as follows:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Amount of (loss) gain recognized in OCI	$	(657)	777	2,006
Amount of gain reclassified from OCI to interest expense	63		4,879	4,605

Fair Value Hedges

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

The Company entered into interest rate swap agreements that are designated as fair value hedges for a closed pool of fixed rate debt securities. The instruments are designated as fair value hedges as the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap are expected to offset changes in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to changes in the compounded overnight SOFR rate, the designated benchmark interest rate. These derivative contracts involve the receipt of variable rate interest from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the contract, without the exchange of the underlying notional value.

During 2024, the Company terminated several interest rate swap agreements for $19,825,000. This basis adjustment to the carrying cost of the closed pool will be amortized over the remaining life of the securities in the closed pool.

Interest Rate Cap Agreements

During 2025, the Company entered into forward start interest rate cap agreements that are designated as fair value hedges for specific fixed rate AFS debt securities. The forward start interest rate cap agreements will become effective in the second quarter of 2026. The instruments are designated as fair value hedges as the changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap are expected to offset a portion of the changes in the fair value of the hedged item when the variable rate is above the strike price. These derivative contracts involve the receipt of variable rate interest from a counterparty if the variable rate of the benchmark rate (SOFR) exceeds the strike price after the forward start date. The weighted-average strike rate for the interest rate caps was 3.26% at December 31, 2025.

The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges for the respective periods:


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost of the Hedged Assets			Amortized Cost of Fair Value Hedging Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
Line item on the balance sheet	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
Investment securities available-for-sale - swap	$	2,692,319	3,242,878	(244)	(9,287)
Investment securities available-for-sale - cap	99,528		—	(315)	—

The effects of the fair value hedge relationships on the income statement during the years ended were as follows:


		Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	Location of Gain (Loss)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Interest rate swap	Interest income on investment securities	$	1,002	20,743	(16,447)
Interest rate caps	Interest income on investment securities	(36)		—	—
Available-for-sale debt securities	Interest income on investment securities	9,043		(7,451)	17,988

The effect of fair value hedge accounting on OCI for the interest rate cap agreements for the years ended were as follows:

Years ended

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31,
2025

Amount of (loss) gain recognized in OCI

(27)

- Definition

The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts.

+ References

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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value December 31, 2025		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Debt securities, available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	255,930	—	255,930	—
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	312,488		—	312,488	—
State and local governments	164,084		—	164,084	—
Corporate bonds	33,949		—	33,949	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,215,119		—	2,215,119	—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,025,942		—	1,025,942	—
Loans held for sale, at fair value	39,186		—	39,186	—
Interest rate caps	2,128		—	2,128	—
Interest rate swap	244		—	244	—
Interest rate locks	700		—	700	—
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	4,049,770	—	4,049,770	—


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value December 31, 2024		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Debt securities, available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	468,433	—	468,433	—
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	310,154		—	310,154	—
State and local governments	68,680		—	68,680	—
Corporate bonds	14,503		—	14,503	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,355,516		—	2,355,516	—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,027,919		—	1,027,919	—
Loans held for sale, at fair value	33,060		—	33,060	—
Interest rate caps	720		—	720	—
Interest rate swap	9,287		—	9,287	—
Interest rate locks	410		—	410	—
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	4,288,682	—	4,288,682	—

Fair value measurement of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets with a recorded change during the period resulting from re-measuring the assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis:


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value December 31, 2025		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	$	1,887	—	—	1,887

Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	1,887	—	—	1,887


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value December 31, 2024		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	$	2,052	—	—	2,052
Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	2,052	—	—	2,052

Quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for which Level 3 inputs were used

Fair Value

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31,
2025

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted- Average) 1

Collateral-dependent
impaired loans, net of ACL

1,381

Cost approach

Selling costs

10.0% - 20.0% (10.3%)

506

Sales comparison approach

Selling costs

10.0% - 20.0% (10.1%)

1,887

Fair Value

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31,
2024

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted- Average) 1

Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL

1,605

Cost approach

Selling costs

10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%)

192

Sales comparison approach

Selling costs

10.0% - 20.0% (15.9%)

255

Combined approach

Selling costs

10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%)

2,052

______________________________

1 The range for selling cost inputs represents reductions to the fair value of the assets.

Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments

The fair value of unused lines of credit and letters of credit is not material; therefore, such commitments are not included in the following tables.


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount December 31, 2025		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,235,261	1,235,261	—	—
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	3,110,216		—	2,880,116	—
Loans receivable, net of ACL	20,672,477		—	—	20,779,943
Total financial assets	$	25,017,954	1,235,261	2,880,116	20,779,943
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	$	3,928,550	—	3,967,087	—
FHLB advances	440,000		—	440,175	—

Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	2,135,586		—	2,135,586	—
Subordinated debentures	187,492		—	175,069	—
Total financial liabilities	$	6,691,628	—	6,717,917	—


			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount December 31, 2024		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	848,408	848,408	—	—
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	3,294,847		—	2,968,570	—
Loans receivable, net of ACL	17,055,808		—	—	17,017,298
Total financial assets	$	21,199,063	848,408	2,968,570	17,017,298
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	$	3,139,821	—	3,176,722	—
FHLB advances	1,800,000		—	1,797,310	—

Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	1,839,537		—	1,839,537	—
Subordinated debentures	133,105		—	122,785	—
Total financial liabilities	$	6,912,463	—	6,936,354	—

Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s core deposit intangibles and other intangibles:


	At or for the Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Gross carrying value	$	180,608	120,912	95,120
Accumulated amortization	(75,339)		(69,730)	(63,250)
Net carrying value	$	105,269	51,182	31,870
Aggregate amortization expense	$	15,887	12,757	9,731
Estimated amortization expense for the years ending December 31,
2026	$	19,177
2027	17,593
2028	13,411
2029	11,319
2030	9,576

The following schedule discloses the changes in the carrying value of goodwill:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Net carrying value at beginning of period	$	1,051,318	985,393	985,393
Acquisitions and adjustments	326,965		65,925	—
Net carrying value at end of period	$	1,378,283	1,051,318	985,393

The Company evaluates goodwill for possible impairment utilizing a control premium analysis. The analysis first calculates the market capitalization and then adjusts such value for a control premium range which results in an implied fair value. The control premium range is determined based on historical control premiums for acquisitions that are comparable to the Company and is obtained from an independent third party. The calculated implied fair value is then compared to the book value to determine whether a goodwill impairment will be recognized and the amount of the impairment. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test during the third quarter of 2025 and determined the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded the carrying value, such that the Company’s goodwill was not considered impaired. In recognition, there were no events or circumstances that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2025 that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value, the Company did not perform interim testing at December 31, 2025. Changes in the economic environment, operations of the aggregated reporting units, or other factors could result in the decline in the fair value of the aggregated reporting units which could result in a goodwill impairment in the future. Accumulated historical impairment charges were $40,159,000 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Loans Receivable, Net - Collateral-Dependent Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 20,927,796	$ 17,261,849
Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	2,457,907	1,858,929
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	13,565,512	10,963,713
Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	3,497,829	3,119,535
Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	977,206	930,994
Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	429,342	388,678
Collateral Pledged
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	69,475	48,979
Collateral Pledged \| Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	13,638	6,925
Collateral Pledged \| Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	24,077	25,173
Collateral Pledged \| Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	26,988	12,932
Collateral Pledged \| Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	3,553	2,826
Collateral Pledged \| Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	1,219	1,123
Business assets
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	21,741	11,483
Business assets \| Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Business assets \| Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Business assets \| Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	21,741	11,480
Business assets \| Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Business assets \| Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	3
Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	20,196	14,425
Residential Real Estate \| Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	13,638	6,924
Residential Real Estate \| Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	1,749	4,107
Residential Real Estate \| Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	1,236	508
Residential Real Estate \| Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	3,512	2,808
Residential Real Estate \| Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	61	78
Other real estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	23,227	22,016
Other real estate \| Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	1
Other real estate \| Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	22,328	21,066
Other real estate \| Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	476	561
Other real estate \| Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	41	18
Other real estate \| Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	382	370
Other
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	4,311	1,055
Other \| Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Other \| Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Other \| Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	3,535	383
Other \| Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Other \| Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 776	$ 672

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Equity [Abstract]

Activity within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

The following table illustrates the activity within accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income by component, net of tax:


(Dollars in thousands)	(Losses) Gains on Available-For-Sale and Transferred Debt Securities		(Losses) Gains on Derivatives Used for Cash Flow Hedges	(Losses) Gains on Derivatives Used for Fair Value Hedges	Total
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(474,338)	5,546	—	(468,792)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	92,391		1,521	—	93,912
Reclassification adjustments for losses and transfers included in net income	24		(3,452)	—	(3,428)
Reclassification adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities	4,195		—	—	4,195
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	96,610		(1,931)	—	94,679
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	(377,728)	3,615	—	(374,113)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	64,386		588	—	64,974
Reclassification adjustments for losses and transfers included in net income	(42)		(3,663)	—	(3,705)
Reclassification adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities	3,548		—	—	3,548
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	67,892		(3,075)	—	64,817
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	(309,836)	540	—	(309,296)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	138,550		(493)	(27)	138,030
Reclassification adjustments for losses and transfers included in net income	—		(47)	—	(47)
Reclassifications adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities	4,203		—	—	4,203
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	142,753		(540)	(27)	142,186
Balance at December 31, 2025	$	(167,083)	—	(27)	(167,110)

Loan Servicing

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Mortgage Banking [Abstract]

Loan Servicing

Mortgage loans that are serviced for others are not reported as assets, only the servicing rights are recorded and included in other assets. The following schedules disclose the change in the carrying value of mortgage servicing rights that is included in other assets, principal balances of loans serviced and the fair value of mortgage servicing rights:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Carrying value at beginning of period	$	11,958	12,534	13,488

Additions	1,268		811	434
Amortization	(1,447)		(1,387)	(1,388)
Carrying value at end of period	$	11,779	11,958	12,534
Principal balances of loans serviced for others	$	1,470,673	1,507,439	1,570,834
Fair value of servicing rights	$	16,489	17,902	18,000

- Definition

The entire disclosure for a transferor's continuing involvement in financial assets that it has transferred in a securitization or asset-backed financing arrangement, the nature of any restrictions on assets reported by an entity in its statement of financial position that relate to a transferred financial asset (including the carrying amounts of such assets), how servicing assets and servicing liabilities are reported, and (for securitization or asset-backed financing arrangements accounted for as sales) when a transferor has continuing involvement with the transferred financial assets and transfers of financial assets accounted for as secured borrowings, how the transfer of financial assets affects an entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480591/815-20-50-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (c)(3)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481420/860-30-50-1A

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(11))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481420/860-30-50-1A

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)(7)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481229/860-50-50-4

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481326/860-20-50-3

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 3
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481326/860-20-50-3

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481326/860-20-50-4

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481229/860-50-50-3

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (a)(4)(ii)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481229/860-50-50-3

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (a)(5)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481229/860-50-50-3

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481229/860-50-50-2

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/860/tableOfContent

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481326/860-20-50-3

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 3
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481326/860-20-50-3

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)(5)(ii)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481326/860-20-50-4

Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481326/860-20-50-4

Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4D
-Subparagraph (c)(3)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481326/860-20-50-4D

Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 7
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481420/860-30-50-7

Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481229/860-50-50-2

Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481229/860-50-50-2

Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481229/860-50-50-4

+ Details

Variable Interest Entities - VIE Carrying Amounts Included in Financial Statements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Assets
Loans receivable	$ 20,672,477	$ 17,055,808
Other assets	368,407	326,040
Total assets	31,978,063	27,902,987
Liabilities
Other borrowed funds	51,473	62,062
Accrued interest payable	32,786	33,626
Other liabilities	295,605	264,690
Total liabilities	27,764,242	24,679,133
Consolidated VIEs
Assets
Loans receivable	95,701	123,064
Other assets	91,461	79,858
Total assets	187,162	202,922
Liabilities
Other borrowed funds	51,474	62,062
Accrued interest payable	418	270
Other liabilities	31,852	27,577
Total liabilities	$ 83,744	$ 89,909

Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed) - Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Expenses
Compensation and employee benefits	$ 393,295	$ 336,906	$ 309,048
Other operating expenses	120,500	104,320	86,988
Total non-interest expense	668,777	578,468	527,358
Income tax benefit	(51,220)	(36,160)	(44,681)
Net Income	239,028	190,144	222,927
Comprehensive Income	381,214	254,961	317,606
Parent Company
Income
Dividends from subsidiaries	205,000	235,000	175,000
Intercompany charges for services	3,469	3,251	2,271
Other income	3,847	3,032	1,444
Total income	212,316	241,283	178,715
Expenses
Compensation and employee benefits	9,264	8,142	6,552
Other operating expenses	24,383	13,536	11,167
Total non-interest expense	33,647	21,678	17,719
Income before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries	178,669	219,605	160,996
Income tax benefit	3,941	3,177	3,096
Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries	182,610	222,782	164,092
Equity in undistributed (distributed) net income of subsidiaries	56,418	(32,638)	58,835
Net Income	239,028	190,144	222,927
Comprehensive Income	$ 381,214	$ 254,961	$ 317,606

Loan Servicing (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Mortgage Banking [Abstract]

Servicing asset at amortized cost

The following schedules disclose the change in the carrying value of mortgage servicing rights that is included in other assets, principal balances of loans serviced and the fair value of mortgage servicing rights:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Carrying value at beginning of period	$	11,958	12,534	13,488

Additions	1,268		811	434
Amortization	(1,447)		(1,387)	(1,388)
Carrying value at end of period	$	11,779	11,958	12,534
Principal balances of loans serviced for others	$	1,470,673	1,507,439	1,570,834
Fair value of servicing rights	$	16,489	17,902	18,000

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Outstanding Commitments
Outstanding commitments	$ 5,184,624	$ 4,288,068
Unused lines of credit
Outstanding Commitments
Outstanding commitments	5,077,570	4,190,238
Letters of credit
Outstanding Commitments
Outstanding commitments	$ 107,054	$ 97,830

Loans Receivable, Net - Credit Quality Indicators for Commercial Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross Charge-Offs	$ 18,682	$ 18,626	$ 15,095
Total	20,927,796	17,261,849
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross Charge-Offs, originated current fiscal year	0	0
Gross Charge-Offs, originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	51	0
Gross Charge-Offs, originated two years before current fiscal year	0	1,437
Gross Charge-Offs, originated three years before current fiscal year	2,243	1,128
Gross Charge-Offs, originated four years before current fiscal year	0	5
Prior	0	326
Revolving loans	0	0
Gross Charge-Offs	2,294	2,896	2,080
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	2,114,996	1,321,385
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,622,518	1,334,689
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	1,349,042	2,367,874
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	2,537,806	2,043,830
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	2,087,103	1,043,858
Prior	3,399,784	2,515,573
Revolving loans	454,263	336,504
Total	13,565,512	10,963,713
Commercial Real Estate \| Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	2,109,129	1,287,352
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,609,785	1,311,808
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	1,318,470	2,307,217
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	2,461,577	1,988,629
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	1,987,311	1,036,774
Prior	3,283,767	2,446,084
Revolving loans	440,697	331,130
Total	13,210,736	10,708,994
Commercial Real Estate \| Special Mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	4,397	5,674
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	8,433	18,151
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	22,639	26,662
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	58,488	30,965
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	35,463	0
Prior	46,443	25,922
Revolving loans	11,055	1,199
Total	186,918	108,573
Commercial Real Estate \| Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	1,470	28,359
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	4,300	4,730
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	7,933	33,995
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	17,741	24,236
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	64,329	7,084
Prior	69,574	43,567
Revolving loans	2,511	4,175
Total	167,858	146,146
Commercial Real Estate \| Doubtful/ Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	0	0
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	0	0
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Prior	0	0
Revolving loans	0	0
Total	0	0
Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross Charge-Offs, originated current fiscal year	3,569	4,260
Gross Charge-Offs, originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	306	83
Gross Charge-Offs, originated two years before current fiscal year	913	373
Gross Charge-Offs, originated three years before current fiscal year	86	525
Gross Charge-Offs, originated four years before current fiscal year	1,069	291
Prior	315	246
Revolving loans	0	0
Gross Charge-Offs	6,258	5,778	$ 3,891
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	512,778	407,909
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	333,688	315,890
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	233,025	496,999
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	477,443	462,173
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	402,519	203,771
Prior	595,651	495,291
Revolving loans	942,725	737,502
Total	3,497,829	3,119,535
Other Commercial \| Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	503,334	402,180
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	329,068	312,154
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	223,699	492,111
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	466,556	452,731
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	392,403	199,643
Prior	574,367	468,850
Revolving loans	889,147	706,991
Total	3,378,574	3,034,660
Other Commercial \| Special Mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	6,920	3,687
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,554	533
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	4,153	463
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	2,366	743
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	3,337	44
Prior	9,913	0
Revolving loans	29,827	17,612
Total	58,070	23,082
Other Commercial \| Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	2,304	1,641
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	3,066	3,203
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	4,797	4,423
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	8,519	8,680
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	6,774	4,083
Prior	11,343	26,441
Revolving loans	23,741	12,886
Total	60,544	61,357
Other Commercial \| Doubtful/ Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	220	401
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	376	2
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	2	19
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	5	1
Prior	28	0
Revolving loans	10	13
Total	$ 641	$ 436

Federal and State Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for credit losses	$ 70,730	$ 56,430
Available-for-sale debt securities	56,070	102,448
Acquisition fair market value adjustments	21,927	5,471
Employee benefits	15,470	12,234
Operating lease liabilities	13,107	9,943
Deferred compensation	10,668	9,144
Net operating loss carryforwards	493	567
Derivatives	165	2,356
Transferred debt securities	0	395
Other	3,260	3,951
Total gross deferred tax assets	191,890	202,939
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation of premises and equipment	(26,752)	(21,321)
Intangibles	(21,145)	(7,854)
Operating lease ROU assets	(15,625)	(9,042)
Deferred loan costs	(10,520)	(10,043)
Prepaid assets	(4,439)	(3,146)
Mortgage servicing rights	(2,920)	(2,980)
Transferred debt securities	(997)	0
Derivatives	(156)	(2,356)
Other	(7,999)	(7,242)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities	(90,553)	(63,984)
Net deferred tax asset	$ 101,337	$ 138,955

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Carrying Amount and Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Financial assets
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	$ 2,880,116	$ 2,968,570
Carrying Amount
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	1,235,261	848,408
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	3,110,216	3,294,847
Loans receivable, net of ACL	20,672,477	17,055,808
Total financial assets	25,017,954	21,199,063
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	3,928,550	3,139,821
FHLB advances	440,000	1,800,000
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	2,135,586	1,839,537
Subordinated debentures	187,492	133,105
Total financial liabilities	6,691,628	6,912,463
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 1
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	1,235,261	848,408
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	0	0
Loans receivable, net of ACL	0	0
Total financial assets	1,235,261	848,408
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	0	0
FHLB advances	0	0
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	0	0
Subordinated debentures	0	0
Total financial liabilities	0	0
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 2
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	2,880,116	2,968,570
Loans receivable, net of ACL	0	0
Total financial assets	2,880,116	2,968,570
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	3,967,087	3,176,722
FHLB advances	440,175	1,797,310
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	2,135,586	1,839,537
Subordinated debentures	175,069	122,785
Total financial liabilities	6,717,917	6,936,354
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	0	0
Loans receivable, net of ACL	20,779,943	17,017,298
Total financial assets	20,779,943	17,017,298
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	0	0
FHLB advances	0	0
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	0	0
Subordinated debentures	0	0
Total financial liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

Borrowings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Borrowings

The Company’s securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaled $2,084,113,000 and $1,777,475,000 at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and are secured by debt securities with carrying values of $2,432,683,000 and $2,184,627,000, respectively. Securities are pledged to customers at the time of the transaction in an amount at least equal to the outstanding balance and are held in custody accounts by third parties. The fair value of collateral is continually monitored and additional collateral is provided as deemed appropriate. The following tables summarize the carrying value of the Company’s repurchase agreements by remaining contractual maturity and category of collateral:


	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(Dollars in thousands)	Overnight and Continuous
U.S. government and federal agency	$	308,437	—



Residential mortgage-backed securities	1,775,676		1,777,475

Total	$	2,084,113	1,777,475

FHLB advances are collateralized by specifically pledged loans and debt securities, FHLB stock owned by the Company, and a blanket assignment of the unpledged qualifying loans and investments. The scheduled maturities of FHLB advances consist of the following:


	December 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Weighted Rate		Amount		Weighted Rate
Maturing within one year	$	440,000	4.61	%	$	1,360,000	4.79	%
Maturing one year through two years	—		—	%	440,000		4.61	%
Maturing two years through three years	—		—	%	—		—	%
Maturing three years through four years	—		—	%	—		—	%
Maturing four years through five years	—		—	%	—		—	%
Thereafter	—		—	%	—		—	%
Total	$	440,000	4.61	%	$	1,800,000	4.75	%

The Company’s other borrowed funds consisted of finance lease liabilities and other debt obligations through consolidation of certain VIEs. At December 31, 2025, the Company had $530,000,000 in unsecured lines of credit which are typically renewed on an annual basis with various correspondent entities.

The Company has entered into borrowing transactions with its related parties in connection with the certain variable interest entities. The aggregate amount of borrowings with such related parties was $10,251,000 at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 8A
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 45
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+ Details

Employee Benefit Plans	12 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plans	Dec. 31, 2025
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plans	Employee Benefit Plans The Company provides its qualified employees with a comprehensive benefit program, including health, dental and vision insurance, life and accident insurance, short- and long-term disability coverage, paid time off, Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plan, stock-based compensation plan, deferred compensation plans, and supplemental executive retirement plan (“SERP”). The Company has elected to self-insure certain costs related to employee health, dental and vision benefit programs. Costs resulting from non-insured losses are expensed as incurred. The Company has purchased insurance that limits its exposure on an individual claim basis for the employee health benefit programs. Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plan The Company’s Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plan have safe harbor and employer discretionary components. To be eligible to participate in the plan, an employee must be at least 18 years of age and employed for a full three months. Employees are eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan the first day of the month once they have met the eligibility requirements. To be considered eligible for the employer discretionary contribution of the profit sharing plan, an employee must be 18 years of age, worked one full calendar quarter, worked 501 hours in the plan year and be employed as of the last day of the plan year. Participants are at all times fully vested in all contributions. The profit sharing plan contributions consists of a 3 percent non-elective safe harbor contribution fully funded by the Company and an employer discretionary contribution. The employer discretionary contribution depends on the Company’s profitability. The total profit sharing plan expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $14,543,000, $10,644,000 and $13,409,000, respectively. The 401(k) plan allows eligible employees under the age of 50 to contribute up to 80 percent, and those 50 and older to contribute up to 100 percent of their eligible annual compensation up to the limit set annually by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). The Company matches an amount equal to 50 percent of the first 6 percent of an employee’s contribution. The Company’s contribution to the 401(k) plan for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $7,769,000, $6,794,000, and $6,074,000, respectively. Deferred Compensation Plans The Company has non-funded deferred compensation plans for directors, eligible employees and certain non-employee service providers. The plans provide for participants’ elective deferral of cash payments of up to 50 percent of a participants’ salary and 100 percent of bonuses and directors fees. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the liability related to the plans was $11,923,000 and $11,926,000, respectively, and was included in other liabilities. The total amount deferred for the plans was $1,793,000, $1,807,000, and $1,860,000, for the years ending December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The participant receives an earnings credit at a rate equal to 50 percent of the Company’s return on average equity. Total expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 for the plans was $382,000, $346,000 and $374,000, respectively. In connection with several acquisitions, the Company assumed the obligations of deferred compensation plans for certain key employees. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the liability related to the acquired plans was $25,183,000 and $18,837,000, respectively, and was included in other liabilities. Total expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 for the acquired plans was $1,342,000, $1,069,000 and $1,062,000, respectively. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan The Company has a SERP which is intended to supplement payments due to participants upon retirement under the Company’s other qualified plans. The Company credits the participant’s account on an annual basis for an amount equal to employer contributions that would have otherwise been allocated to the participant’s account under the tax-qualified plans were it not for limitations imposed by the IRS or the participation in the non-funded deferred compensation plan. Eligible employees include participants of the non-funded deferred compensation plan and employees whose benefits were limited as a result of IRS regulations. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the liability related to the SERP was $5,708,000 and $5,615,000, respectively, and was included in other liabilities. The Company’s required contribution to the SERP for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $456,000, $263,000, and $643,000, respectively. The participant receives an earnings credit at a rate equal to 50 percent of the Company’s return on average equity. Total expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 for the SERP was $175,000, $165,000, and $267,000, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Federal and State Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Federal and State Income Taxes

The following table is a summary of consolidated income tax expense:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Current
Federal	$	41,456	23,695	27,626
State	13,830		9,857	16,548
Total current income tax expense	55,286		33,552	44,174
Deferred 1
Federal	(3,493)		2,010	404
State	(573)		598	103
Total deferred income tax (benefit) expense	(4,066)		2,608	507
Total income tax expense	$	51,220	36,160	44,681

______________________________

1 Includes tax benefit of operating loss carryforwards of $359,000, $307,000, and $313,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Combined federal and state income tax expense differs from that computed at the federal statutory corporate income tax rate as follows:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025
Federal statutory rate	$	60,952	21.0	%
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 1	10,473		3.6	%
Tax credits
Low-income tax credits (net)	(6,646)		(2.3)	%
New market tax credits	(5,797)		(2.0	%)
Other tax credits	(602)		(0.2	%)
Non-deductible and non-taxable items:
Tax-exempt interest income	(11,442)		(3.9	%)
Other, net	4,282		1.4	%
Effective income tax	$	51,220	17.6	%

______________________________

1 State taxes in Montana made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category.

Prior to the adoption of the guidance in ASU 2023-09, the combined federal and state income tax expense differed from that computed at the federal statutory corporate income tax rate as follows:


	Years ended
	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	3.6	%	4.9	%

Tax-exempt interest income	(4.5	%)	(4.3	%)
Tax credits	(5.5	%)	(5.6	%)
Other, net	1.4	%	0.7	%
Effective income tax rate	16.0	%	16.7	%

During the periods presented, the Company paid income taxes (net of refunds) to the following jurisdictions:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025
Federal	$	18,036
Montana	7,748
Idaho	2,060
Utah	1,960
All other states	2,356
Total taxes paid	$	32,160

The Company paid $15,604,000 and $27,932,000 for income taxes (net of refunds) for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

The tax effect of temporary differences which give rise to a significant portion of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for credit losses	$	70,730	56,430
Available-for-sale debt securities	56,070		102,448
Acquisition fair market value adjustments	21,927		5,471
Employee benefits	15,470		12,234
Operating lease liabilities	13,107		9,943
Deferred compensation	10,668		9,144
Net operating loss carryforwards	493		567
Derivatives	165		2,356
Transferred debt securities	—		395

Other	3,260		3,951
Total gross deferred tax assets	191,890		202,939
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation of premises and equipment	(26,752)		(21,321)
Intangibles	(21,145)		(7,854)
Operating lease ROU assets	(15,625)		(9,042)
Deferred loan costs	(10,520)		(10,043)
Prepaid assets	(4,439)		(3,146)
Mortgage servicing rights	(2,920)		(2,980)
Transferred debt securities	(997)		—


Derivatives	(156)		(2,356)
Other	(7,999)		(7,242)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities	(90,553)		(63,984)
Net deferred tax asset	$	101,337	138,955

The Company has federal net operating loss carryforwards of $1,354,000 expiring between 2025 and 2036. The Company has Colorado net operating loss carryforwards of $5,994,000 expiring between 2026 and 2037. The net operating loss carryforwards originated from acquisitions.

The Company and the Bank file consolidated income tax returns for the federal jurisdiction and several states that require consolidated income tax returns. Wyoming, Washington, Nevada and Texas do not impose a corporate income tax. All required income tax returns have been timely filed. The following schedule summarizes the years that remain subject to examination as of December 31, 2025:


			Years ended December 31,
Federal			2011, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2022, 2023, and 2024
Colorado			2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024
Arizona, California, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, Texas, & Wisconsin			2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024
Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, & Virginia			2022, 2023, and 2024

The Company had no unrecognized income tax benefits as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company recognizes interest related to unrecognized income tax benefits in interest expense and penalties are recognized in other expense. Interest expense and penalties recognized with respect to income tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was not significant. The Company had no accrued liabilities for the payment of interest or penalties at December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The Company has assessed the need for a valuation allowance and determined that a valuation allowance was not necessary at December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company believes that it is more-likely-than-not that the Company’s deferred tax assets will be realizable by offsetting future taxable income from reversing taxable temporary differences and anticipated future taxable income (exclusive of reversing temporary differences). In its assessment, the Company considered its strong earnings history, no history of income tax credit carryforwards expiring unused, and no expected future net operating losses (for tax purposes).

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income tax.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2

Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

+ Details

Stock-based Compensation Plan (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Activity for restricted stock units

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2025:


	Restricted Stock Units	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2024	289,508	$	43.70
Granted	184,916	49.16
Vested	(167,849)	46.35
Forfeited	(9,156)	44.41
Non-vested at December 31, 2025	297,419	45.70

Changes in shares granted for stock options

Changes in shares granted for stock options for the year ended December 31, 2025 are summarized as follows:


	Stock Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2024	2,365	$	21.35
Acquisitions	321,027	39.52

Exercised	(37,934)	27.90

Outstanding at December 31, 2025	285,458	29.05
Exercisable at December 31, 2025	285,458	29.05

Debt Securities - Credit Quality Indicators for HTM Debt Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total municipal bonds held-to-maturity	$ 3,110,216	$ 3,294,847
Municipal Bonds
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total municipal bonds held-to-maturity	1,587,673	1,619,850
Moody's: Aaa Rating \| S&P: AAA Rating \| Internal Investment Grade \| Municipal Bonds
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total municipal bonds held-to-maturity	397,328	414,147
Moody's: Aa1, Aa2 or Aa3 Ratings \| S&P: AA+, AA or AA- Ratings \| Internal Investment Grade \| Municipal Bonds
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total municipal bonds held-to-maturity	1,155,450	1,168,491
Moody's: A1, A2 or A3 Ratings \| S&P: A+, A or A- Ratings \| Internal Investment Grade \| Municipal Bonds
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total municipal bonds held-to-maturity	29,093	33,585
Moody's: Not Rated \| S&P: Not Rated \| Internal Investment Grade \| Municipal Bonds
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total municipal bonds held-to-maturity	$ 5,802	$ 3,627

Debt Securities - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
Debt Securities - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($) security
Summary of debt securities
Equity securities, realized gain (loss)	$ 1,700,000
Debt securities, available-for-sale	4,245,205,000	$ 4,007,512,000
Number of credit rating categories, highest \| security		4
Interest receivable, available-for-sale debt securities	8,037,000	$ 9,619,000
ACL on available-for-sale debt securities		0
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	3,294,847,000	3,110,216,000
Interest receivable, held-to-maturity debt securities	16,538,000	16,175,000
ACL on held-to-maturity debt securities	0	0
Asset Pledged as Collateral \| FHLB, FRB, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and deposits
Summary of debt securities
Debt securities, available-for-sale	4,254,268,000	5,094,941,000
Financial Asset, Past Due
Summary of debt securities
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	$ 0	$ 0

Loans Receivable, Net - Aging Analysis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	$ 20,927,796	$ 17,261,849
Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	60,719	25,347
Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	18,107	6,881
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	5,997	6,177
Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	147,310	58,850
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	59,775	20,060
Non-accrual loans with ACL	2,712	385
Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	20,780,486	17,202,999
Residential Real Estate
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	2,457,907	1,858,929
Residential Real Estate \| Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	14,310	5,195
Residential Real Estate \| Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	6,505	404
Residential Real Estate \| Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	1,857	1,509
Residential Real Estate \| Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	36,864	14,033
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	13,611	6,850
Non-accrual loans with ACL	581	75
Residential Real Estate \| Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	2,421,043	1,844,896
Commercial Real Estate
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	13,565,512	10,963,713
Commercial Real Estate \| Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	30,212	8,852
Commercial Real Estate \| Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	4,366	2,792
Commercial Real Estate \| Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	967	2,899
Commercial Real Estate \| Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	51,328	22,555
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	15,783	8,012
Non-accrual loans with ACL	0	0
Commercial Real Estate \| Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	13,514,184	10,941,158
Other Commercial
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	3,497,829	3,119,535
Other Commercial \| Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	7,382	6,261
Other Commercial \| Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	4,980	1,180
Other Commercial \| Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	2,882	985
Other Commercial \| Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	43,134	10,284
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	25,916	1,691
Non-accrual loans with ACL	1,974	167
Other Commercial \| Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	3,454,695	3,109,251
Home Equity
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	977,206	930,994
Home Equity \| Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	4,525	1,965
Home Equity \| Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	991	1,699
Home Equity \| Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	120	646
Home Equity \| Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	9,247	7,136
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	3,611	2,826
Non-accrual loans with ACL	0	0
Home Equity \| Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	967,959	923,858
Other Consumer
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	429,342	388,678
Other Consumer \| Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	4,290	3,074
Other Consumer \| Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	1,265	806
Other Consumer \| Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	171	138
Other Consumer \| Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	6,737	4,842
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	854	681
Non-accrual loans with ACL	157	143
Other Consumer \| Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	$ 422,605	$ 383,836

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value measurement transfers from one level to another	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Loans Held For Sale \| Gain (Loss) on Sale of Loans
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Changes in fair value, gains	$ 450,000	$ 551,000	$ 264,000

Federal and State Income Taxes - Summary of Effective Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Federal statutory rate	$ 60,952
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	10,473
Low-income tax credits (net)	(6,646)
New market tax credits	(5,797)
Other tax credits	(602)
Tax-exempt interest income	(11,442)
Other, net	4,282
Total income tax expense	$ 51,220	$ 36,160	$ 44,681
Effective income tax rate reconciliation
Federal statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	3.60%	3.60%	4.90%
Low-income tax credits (net)	(2.30%)
New market tax credits	(2.00%)
Other tax credits	(0.20%)
Tax-exempt interest income	(3.90%)	(4.50%)	(4.30%)
Other, net	1.40%
Tax credits		(5.50%)	(5.60%)
Other, net		1.40%	0.70%
Effective income tax	17.60%	16.00%	16.70%

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($) bank_division segment quarter component reporting_unit	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment
Number of bank divisions \| bank_division	18
Number of operating segments \| segment	1
Number of reportable segments \| segment	1
Maximum period of original maturity to be included in cash and cash equivalents	3 months
Interest earned on interest bearing cash deposits	$ 28,920,000	$ 31,158,000
Restricted cash	0	0
Federal reserve balance or cash on hand required	$ 0
Minimum period past due to consider loans as delinquent	30 days
Minimum period past due to consider loans as non accrual	90 days
Financing receivable, allowance for credit losses, forecasting period \| quarter	4
Financing receivable, allowance for credit losses, number of components \| component	2
Allowance for credit loss, off-balance sheet credit exposure	$ 29,973,000	20,419,000
Debt securities, period increase (decrease)	$ 0	0	$ 0
Maximum term leases will be considered short-term	12 months
Maximum period up to which purchase price of business is allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed	1 year
Number of reporting units subsequent to aggregation for goodwill assessment \| reporting_unit	1
Revenue from contracts with customers	$ 101,072,000	94,011,000	$ 88,547,000
Impairment losses on receivables related to contracts with customers	$ 0	$ 0
Percentage of likelihood for term more likely than not as it relates to income taxes	50.00%
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment
Period past due to consider loan as purchased credit-deteriorated loan	90 days
Minimum number of days delinquent to charge off loans	120 days
Number of years for home equity loan origination term	10 years
Period past due to consider loans as delinquent	30 days
Period past due to consider loans as non accrual	90 days
Minimum \| Office Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment
Useful life of premises and equipment	15 years
Minimum \| Furniture, fixtures and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Useful life of premises and equipment	3 years
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment
Number of years for home equity loan origination term	15 years
Period past due to consider loans as delinquent	89 days
Maximum \| Office Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment
Useful life of premises and equipment	40 years
Maximum \| Furniture, fixtures and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Useful life of premises and equipment	10 years

Loans Receivable, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Receivables [Abstract]

Summary of loans receivable

The following table presents loans receivable for each portfolio segment of loans:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Residential real estate	$	2,457,907	1,858,929
Commercial real estate	13,565,512		10,963,713
Other commercial	3,497,829		3,119,535
Home equity	977,206		930,994
Other consumer	429,342		388,678
Loans receivable	20,927,796		17,261,849
Allowance for credit losses	(255,319)		(206,041)
Loans receivable, net	$	20,672,477	17,055,808
Net deferred origination (fees) costs included in loans receivable	$	(32,715)	(29,187)
Net purchase accounting (discounts) premiums included in loans receivable	$	(76,963)	(34,361)
Accrued interest receivable on loans	$	94,251	73,935

Financing receivable, allowance for credit loss

The following table presents the provision for credit losses on the loan portfolio and off-balance sheet exposures:


	Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Provision for credit loss loans	$	61,846	27,179	20,790
Provision for credit loss unfunded	9,554		1,127	(5,995)
Total provision for credit losses	$	71,400	28,306	14,795

The following tables summarize the activity in the ACL:


	Year ended December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Balance at beginning of period	$	206,041	25,181	138,545	24,400	11,402	6,513
Acquisitions	154		6	16	15	—	117
Provision for credit losses	61,846		6,415	30,069	17,107	271	7,984
Charge-offs	(18,682)		(1)	(2,294)	(6,258)	(106)	(10,023)
Recoveries	5,960		274	467	2,690	78	2,451
Balance at end of period	$	255,319	31,875	166,803	37,954	11,645	7,042


	Year ended December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Balance at beginning of period	$	192,757	22,325	130,924	21,194	11,766	6,548

Acquisitions	3		—	3	—	—	—
Provision for credit losses	27,179		2,862	10,446	7,162	(369)	7,078
Charge-offs	(18,626)		(40)	(2,896)	(5,778)	(131)	(9,781)
Recoveries	4,728		34	68	1,822	136	2,668
Balance at end of period	$	206,041	25,181	138,545	24,400	11,402	6,513


	Year ended December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Balance at beginning of period	$	182,283	19,683	125,816	21,454	10,759	4,571


Provision for credit losses	20,790		2,645	6,748	1,996	969	8,432
Charge-offs	(15,095)		(20)	(2,080)	(3,891)	(129)	(8,975)
Recoveries	4,779		17	440	1,635	167	2,520
Balance at end of period	$	192,757	22,325	130,924	21,194	11,766	6,548

Loan portfolio aging analysis

The following tables present an aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Accruing loans 30-59 days past due	$	60,719	14,310	30,212	7,382	4,525	4,290
Accruing loans 60-89 days past due	18,107		6,505	4,366	4,980	991	1,265
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due	5,997		1,857	967	2,882	120	171
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	59,775		13,611	15,783	25,916	3,611	854
Non-accrual loans with ACL	2,712		581	—	1,974	—	157
Total past due and non-accrual loans	147,310		36,864	51,328	43,134	9,247	6,737
Current loans receivable	20,780,486		2,421,043	13,514,184	3,454,695	967,959	422,605
Total loans receivable	$	20,927,796	2,457,907	13,565,512	3,497,829	977,206	429,342


	December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Accruing loans 30-59 days past due	$	25,347	5,195	8,852	6,261	1,965	3,074
Accruing loans 60-89 days past due	6,881		404	2,792	1,180	1,699	806
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due	6,177		1,509	2,899	985	646	138
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	20,060		6,850	8,012	1,691	2,826	681
Non-accrual loans with ACL	385		75	—	167	—	143
Total past due and non-accrual loans	58,850		14,033	22,555	10,284	7,136	4,842
Current loans receivable	17,202,999		1,844,896	10,941,158	3,109,251	923,858	383,836
Total loans receivable	$	17,261,849	1,858,929	10,963,713	3,119,535	930,994	388,678

Summary of repayment through operation or sale of collateral

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by collateral type:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Business assets	$	21,741	—	—	21,741	—	—
Residential real estate	20,196		13,638	1,749	1,236	3,512	61
Other real estate	23,227		—	22,328	476	41	382
Other	4,311		—	—	3,535	—	776
Total	$	69,475	13,638	24,077	26,988	3,553	1,219


	December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Business assets	$	11,483	—	—	11,480	—	3
Residential real estate	14,425		6,924	4,107	508	2,808	78
Other real estate	22,016		1	21,066	561	18	370
Other	1,055		—	—	383	—	672
Total	$	48,979	6,925	25,173	12,932	2,826	1,123

Summary of loan modifications


		At or for the Year ended December 31, 2025
	Term Extension and Payment Deferral					Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
(Dollars in thousands)		Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable			Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable		Total
Residential real estate		$	406	—	%		$	447	—	%	$	853
Commercial real estate		2,661		—	%		649		—	%	3,310
Other commercial		10,604		0.30	%		50		—	%	10,654


Total		$	13,671				$	1,146			$	14,817


		At or for the Year ended December 31, 2024
	Term Extension and Payment Deferral					Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
(Dollars in thousands)		Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable			Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable		Total


Commercial real estate		$	11,993	0.10	%		$	28,850	0.30	%	$	40,843
Other commercial		13,721		0.40	%		468		—	%	14,189


Total		$	25,714				$	29,318			$	55,032

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by segment:

At or for the Year ended December 31, 2025

(Dollars in thousands)

Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction

Weighted Average Term Extension

Principal Forgiveness

Residential real estate

0.15%

1.1 years

$—

Commercial real estate

2.53%

10 months

$—

Other commercial

1.47%

9 months

$—

At or for the Year ended December 31, 2024

(Dollars in thousands)

Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction

Weighted Average Term Extension

Principal Forgiveness

Commercial real estate

1.91%

3 months

$—

Other commercial

0.10%

5 months

$—

Loan portfolio modified aging analysis

The following tables depict the performance of loans that have been modified in the last twelve months by segment:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Current	30-89 Days Past Due	90 Days or More Past Due	Non-Accrual
Residential real estate	$	853	—	—	—	853
Commercial real estate	3,310		3,221	—	—	89
Other commercial	10,654		9,346	1,031	—	277


Total	$	14,817	12,567	1,031	—	1,219


	December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Current	30-89 Days Past Due	90 Days or More Past Due	Non-Accrual

Commercial real estate	$	40,843	37,585	—	—	3,258
Other commercial	14,189		12,829	1,029	—	331


Total	$	55,032	50,414	1,029	—	3,589

Credit quality indicators for commercial loans

The following tables present the amortized cost in commercial real estate and other commercial loans based on the Company’s internal risk rating. The date of a modification, renewal or extension of a loan is considered for the year of origination if the terms of the loan are as favorable to the Company as the terms are for a comparable loan to other borrowers with similar credit risk.


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Charge-Offs		Total	Pass	Special Mention	Substandard	Doubtful/ Loss
Commercial real estate loans
Term loans by origination year
2025	$	—	2,114,996	2,109,129	4,397	1,470	—
2024	51		1,622,518	1,609,785	8,433	4,300	—
2023	—		1,349,042	1,318,470	22,639	7,933	—
2022	2,243		2,537,806	2,461,577	58,488	17,741	—
2021	—		2,087,103	1,987,311	35,463	64,329	—
Prior	—		3,399,784	3,283,767	46,443	69,574	—
Revolving loans	—		454,263	440,697	11,055	2,511	—

Total	$	2,294	13,565,512	13,210,736	186,918	167,858	—
Other commercial loans
Term loans by origination year
2025	$	3,569	512,778	503,334	6,920	2,304	220
2024	306		333,688	329,068	1,554	3,066	—
2023	913		233,025	223,699	4,153	4,797	376
2022	86		477,443	466,556	2,366	8,519	2
2021	1,069		402,519	392,403	3,337	6,774	5
Prior	315		595,651	574,367	9,913	11,343	28
Revolving loans	—		942,725	889,147	29,827	23,741	10

Total	$	6,258	3,497,829	3,378,574	58,070	60,544	641


	December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Charge-Offs		Total	Pass	Special Mention	Substandard	Doubtful/ Loss
Commercial real estate loans
Term loans by origination year
2024	$	—	1,321,385	1,287,352	5,674	28,359	—
2023	—		1,334,689	1,311,808	18,151	4,730	—
2022	1,437		2,367,874	2,307,217	26,662	33,995	—
2021	1,128		2,043,830	1,988,629	30,965	24,236	—
2020	5		1,043,858	1,036,774	—	7,084	—
Prior	326		2,515,573	2,446,084	25,922	43,567	—
Revolving loans	—		336,504	331,130	1,199	4,175	—

Total	$	2,896	10,963,713	10,708,994	108,573	146,146	—
Other commercial loans
Term loans by origination year
2024	$	4,260	407,909	402,180	3,687	1,641	401
2023	83		315,890	312,154	533	3,203	—
2022	373		496,999	492,111	463	4,423	2
2021	525		462,173	452,731	743	8,680	19
2020	291		203,771	199,643	44	4,083	1
Prior	246		495,291	468,850	—	26,441	—
Revolving loans	—		737,502	706,991	17,612	12,886	13

Total	$	5,778	3,119,535	3,034,660	23,082	61,357	436

Credit quality indicators for RRE and consumer loans

The following tables present the amortized cost in residential real estate, home equity and other consumer loans based on payment performance:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Charge-Offs		Total	Performing	30-89 Days Past Due	Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due
Residential real estate loans
Term loans by origination year
2025	$	—	283,293	283,293	—	—
2024	1		283,422	278,922	2,232	2,268
2023	—		297,393	293,384	1,184	2,825
2022	—		727,941	718,191	6,831	2,919
2021	—		502,487	499,821	1,366	1,300
Prior	—		312,772	297,067	8,968	6,737
Revolving loans	—		50,599	50,365	234	—

Total	$	1	2,457,907	2,421,043	20,815	16,049
Home equity loans
Term loans by origination year
2025	$	—	474	474	—	—
2024	—		2,397	2,397	—	—
2023	—		1,457	1,033	400	24
2022	31		2,113	2,054	—	59
2021	65		3,792	3,792	—	—
Prior	10		3,381	3,321	19	41
Revolving loans	—		963,592	954,888	5,097	3,607

Total	$	106	977,206	967,959	5,516	3,731
Other consumer loans
Term loans by origination year
2025	$	8,238	143,910	140,869	3,025	16
2024	240		83,178	82,551	470	157
2023	413		68,406	67,016	1,027	363
2022	751		39,801	39,126	441	234
2021	146		25,329	25,018	166	145
Prior	235		29,233	28,982	67	184
Revolving loans	—		39,485	39,043	359	83

Total	$	10,023	429,342	422,605	5,555	1,182


	December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Charge-Offs		Total	Performing	30-89 Days Past Due	Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due
Residential real estate loans
Term loans by origination year
2024	$	40	211,519	210,806	—	713
2023	—		267,000	264,817	1,407	776
2022	—		655,918	652,993	2,566	359
2021	—		455,196	452,628	959	1,609
2020	—		90,752	90,649	—	103
Prior	—		178,544	173,003	667	4,874


Total	$	40	1,858,929	1,844,896	5,599	8,434
Home equity loans
Term loans by origination year
2024	$	—	219	219	—	—
2023	17		1,072	1,045	—	27
2022	8		1,858	1,858	—	—
2021	—		780	780	—	—
2020	—		78	78	—	—
Prior	106		4,353	4,264	4	85
Revolving loans	—		922,634	915,614	3,660	3,360

Total	$	131	930,994	923,858	3,664	3,472
Other consumer loans
Term loans by origination year
2024	$	8,456	116,312	114,164	2,139	9
2023	431		89,684	89,218	262	204
2022	467		64,808	63,843	665	300
2021	238		36,755	36,233	261	261
2020	34		18,648	18,601	41	6
Prior	155		20,014	19,738	103	173
Revolving loans	—		42,457	42,039	409	9

Total	$	9,781	388,678	383,836	3,880	962

Debt Securities - Unrealized Loss Position (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($) security	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) security
Debt Securities
Number of Securities \| security	659	662
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 183,035	$ 57,410
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Loss	(422)	(1,351)
12 Months or More, Fair Value	3,390,885	4,165,269
12 Months or More, Unrealized Loss	(229,519)	(409,981)
Total, Fair Value	3,573,920	4,222,679
Total, Unrealized Loss	$ (229,941)	$ (411,332)
U.S. government and federal agency
Debt Securities
Number of Securities \| security	39	55
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 55,231	$ 3,756
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Loss	(82)	(34)
12 Months or More, Fair Value	179,092	463,151
12 Months or More, Unrealized Loss	(1,902)	(15,620)
Total, Fair Value	234,323	466,907
Total, Unrealized Loss	$ (1,984)	$ (15,654)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
Debt Securities
Number of Securities \| security	12	14
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 0	$ 0
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Loss	0	0
12 Months or More, Fair Value	302,962	310,154
12 Months or More, Unrealized Loss	(3,273)	(13,700)
Total, Fair Value	302,962	310,154
Total, Unrealized Loss	$ (3,273)	$ (13,700)
State and local governments
Debt Securities
Number of Securities \| security	88	50
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 36,534	$ 3,653
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Loss	(83)	(35)
12 Months or More, Fair Value	46,762	49,748
12 Months or More, Unrealized Loss	(2,173)	(3,237)
Total, Fair Value	83,296	53,401
Total, Unrealized Loss	$ (2,256)	$ (3,272)
Corporate bonds
Debt Securities
Number of Securities \| security	2	2
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 0	$ 0
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Loss	0	0
12 Months or More, Fair Value	13,980	13,707
12 Months or More, Unrealized Loss	(21)	(315)
Total, Fair Value	13,980	13,707
Total, Unrealized Loss	$ (21)	$ (315)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Debt Securities
Number of Securities \| security	376	389
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 28,843	$ 13,535
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Loss	(42)	(240)
12 Months or More, Fair Value	1,983,182	2,341,700
12 Months or More, Unrealized Loss	(177,954)	(304,579)
Total, Fair Value	2,012,025	2,355,235
Total, Unrealized Loss	$ (177,996)	$ (304,819)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Debt Securities
Number of Securities \| security	142	152
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 62,427	$ 36,466
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Loss	(215)	(1,042)
12 Months or More, Fair Value	864,907	986,809
12 Months or More, Unrealized Loss	(44,196)	(72,530)
Total, Fair Value	927,334	1,023,275
Total, Unrealized Loss	$ (44,411)	$ (73,572)

Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Changes in the Carrying Value of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill Roll Forward
Net carrying value at beginning of period	$ 1,051,318	$ 985,393	$ 985,393
Acquisitions and adjustments	326,965	65,925	0
Net carrying value at end of period	$ 1,378,283	$ 1,051,318	$ 985,393

- Definition

Amount, after accumulated impairment loss, of asset representing future economic benefit arising from other asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, that is not individually identified and separately recognized.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 24
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 8
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479328/805-10-50-8

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 41
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479303/805-10-55-41

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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-SubTopic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478064/805-740-55-13

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 39
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479303/805-10-55-39

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 49
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 100
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 852
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(15))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482598/350-20-45-1

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10)(1))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-4

+ Details

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2025
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	Forvis Mazars, LLP
Auditor Location	Denver, Colorado
Auditor Firm ID	686

Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed)

The following condensed financial information was the unconsolidated information for the parent holding company:

Condensed Statements of Financial Condition


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Cash on hand and in banks	$	3,706	11,099
Interest bearing cash deposits	186,759		162,208
Cash and cash equivalents	190,465		173,307
Other assets	22,404		16,871
Investment in subsidiaries	4,199,764		3,177,785
Total assets	$	4,412,633	3,367,963
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Dividends payable	$	596	613
Subordinated debentures	187,492		133,105
Other liabilities	10,724		10,391
Total liabilities	198,812		144,109
Common stock	1,300		1,134
Paid-in capital	3,220,064		2,448,758
Retained earnings	1,159,567		1,083,258
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(167,110)		(309,296)
Total stockholders’ equity	4,213,821		3,223,854
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	4,412,633	3,367,963

Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Income
Dividends from subsidiaries	$	205,000	235,000	175,000
Intercompany charges for services	3,469		3,251	2,271
Other income	3,847		3,032	1,444
Total income	212,316		241,283	178,715
Expenses
Compensation and employee benefits	9,264		8,142	6,552
Other operating expenses	24,383		13,536	11,167
Total expenses	33,647		21,678	17,719
Income before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries	178,669		219,605	160,996
Income tax benefit	3,941		3,177	3,096
Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries	182,610		222,782	164,092
Equity in undistributed (distributed) net income of subsidiaries	56,418		(32,638)	58,835
Net Income	$	239,028	190,144	222,927
Comprehensive Income	$	381,214	254,961	317,606

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Operating Activities
Net income	$	239,028	190,144	222,927
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Subsidiary income (in excess of) less than dividends distributed	(56,418)		32,638	(58,835)


Stock-based compensation, net of tax benefits	2,149		1,762	1,742
Net change in other assets and other liabilities	124		200	7,788
Net cash provided by operating activities	184,883		224,744	173,622
Investing Activities



Net additions of premises and equipment	(120)		(5)	(3)
Proceeds from sale of marketable equity securities	183		107	—

Equity contributed to subsidiaries	6,516		(698)	—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	6,579		(596)	(3)
Financing Activities
Net decrease in other borrowed funds	(10,000)		—	—
Cash dividends paid	(162,736)		(150,034)	(146,690)
Tax withholding payments for stock-based compensation	(2,627)		(1,738)	(1,870)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	1,059		113	75
Net cash (used in) financing activities	(174,304)		(151,659)	(148,485)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents	17,158		72,489	25,134
Cash, cash equivalents at beginning of period	173,307		100,818	75,684
Cash, cash equivalents at end of period	$	190,465	173,307	100,818

Mergers & Acquisitions - Consideration Transferred, Identifiable Net Assets Acquired and Goodwill Recognized (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 01, 2025	Apr. 30, 2025	Jul. 19, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Identifiable assets acquired
Total identifiable assets acquired	$ 3,098,416	$ 1,295,340
Business Combination, Recognized Liability Assumed, Liability [Abstract]
Total liabilities assumed	2,796,658	1,159,097
Goodwill recognized					$ 1,378,283	$ 1,051,318	$ 985,393	$ 985,393
Guaranty Bancshares, Inc
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred [Abstract]
Fair value of Company shares issued	559,977
Cash consideration or deposit premium paid	1
Total fair value of consideration transferred	559,978
Identifiable assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	178,885
Debt securities	607,276
Loans receivable, net of ACL	2,102,258
Core deposit intangible	47,813
Accrued income and other assets	162,184
Business Combination, Recognized Liability Assumed, Liability [Abstract]
Deposits	2,706,741
Borrowings	60,466
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	29,451
Total identifiable net assets (liabilities)	301,758
Goodwill recognized	$ 258,220
Core deposit intangible, weighted average useful life (in years)				10 years
Bank of Idaho
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred [Abstract]
Fair value of Company shares issued		204,986
Cash consideration or deposit premium paid		2
Total fair value of consideration transferred		204,988
Identifiable assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents		26,127
Debt securities		139,974
Loans receivable, net of ACL		1,075,197
Core deposit intangible		19,758
Accrued income and other assets		34,284
Business Combination, Recognized Liability Assumed, Liability [Abstract]
Deposits		1,078,377
Borrowings		71,932
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		8,788
Total identifiable net assets (liabilities)		136,243
Goodwill recognized		$ 68,745
Core deposit intangible, weighted average useful life (in years)			10 years
Rocky Mountain Bank
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred [Abstract]
Fair value of Company shares issued			$ 0
Cash consideration or deposit premium paid			25,238
Total fair value of consideration transferred			25,238
Identifiable assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents			102,019
Debt securities			0
Loans receivable, net of ACL			271,569
Core deposit intangible			11,808
Accrued income and other assets			15,114
Total identifiable assets acquired			400,510
Business Combination, Recognized Liability Assumed, Liability [Abstract]
Deposits			396,690
Borrowings			4,305
Accrued expenses and other liabilities			2,057
Total liabilities assumed			403,052
Total identifiable net assets (liabilities)			(2,542)
Goodwill recognized			$ 27,780
Wheatland
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred [Abstract]
Fair value of Company shares issued				$ 92,385
Cash consideration or deposit premium paid				771
Total fair value of consideration transferred				93,156
Identifiable assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents				31,674
Debt securities				187,183
Loans receivable, net of ACL				452,737
Core deposit intangible				16,936
Accrued income and other assets				51,029
Total identifiable assets acquired				739,559
Business Combination, Recognized Liability Assumed, Liability [Abstract]
Deposits				616,955
Borrowings				58,500
Accrued expenses and other liabilities				9,094
Total liabilities assumed				684,549
Total identifiable net assets (liabilities)				55,010
Goodwill recognized				$ 38,146

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

General

Glacier Bancorp, Inc. (“Company”) is a Montana corporation headquartered in Kalispell, Montana. The Company provides a full range of banking services to individuals and businesses in Montana, Idaho, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, Nevada, and Texas through its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Glacier Bank (“Bank”). The Company offers a wide range of banking products and services, including: 1) retail banking; 2) business banking; 3) real estate, commercial, agriculture and consumer loans; and 4) mortgage origination and loan servicing. The Company serves individuals, small to medium-sized businesses, community organizations and public entities.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include: 1) the determination of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL” or “allowance”) on loans; 2) the valuation of debt securities; and 3) the evaluation of goodwill impairment. For the determination of the ACL on certain loans and real estate valuation estimates, management obtains independent appraisals (new or updated) for significant items. Estimates relating to the investment valuations are obtained from independent third parties. Estimates relating to the evaluation of goodwill for impairment are determined based on internal calculations using market-based inputs.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the parent holding company and the Bank, which consists of eighteen bank divisions and a corporate division. The corporate division includes the Bank’s investment portfolio, wholesale borrowings and other centralized functions. The Bank divisions operate under separate names, management teams and advisory directors. The Bank also has non-bank subsidiaries which hold certain bank investments. These non-bank subsidiaries are either consolidated or accounted for under the equity method depending on whether the Bank has a controlling interest or significant influence over the entity.

The Bank has interests in variable interest entities (“VIE”) for which the Bank has both the power to direct the VIE’s significant activities and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. These interests are consolidated into the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Bank also has interests in VIEs for which the Bank does not have a controlling financial interest and is not the primary beneficiary. These interests are accounted for under the equity method in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. For additional information on the Bank’s interest in VIEs, see Note 8.

The parent holding company owns non-bank subsidiaries that have issued trust preferred securities. The trust subsidiaries are not consolidated into the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company's investments in the trust subsidiaries are included in other assets on the Company's statements of financial condition and its liabilities to the trust subsidiaries are included in subordinated debentures.

On April 30, 2025, the Company completed its acquisition of Bank of Idaho Holding Co. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bank of Idaho (collectively “BOID”), a community bank based in Idaho Falls, Idaho. The business combination was accounted for using the acquisition method, with the results of operations included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date. For additional information relating to mergers and acquisitions, see Note 23.

On October 1, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of Guaranty Bancshares, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Guaranty Bank & Trust, N.A. (collectively “Guaranty”), a community bank based in Mount Pleasant, Texas. The business combination was accounted for using the acquisition method, with the results of operations included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date. For additional information relating to mergers and acquisitions, see Note 23.

Segment Reporting

The Company operates as a single segment entity for financial reporting purposes. The Company has determined that its current operating model is structured whereby banking locations and divisions serve a similar base of commercial and retail customers for which the Company provides similar products and services managed through similar processes and technology platforms. The Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) serves as the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The CODM allocates resources and assesses performance of the Company based on the consolidated performance, excluding all significant intercompany balances and transactions between the Company and the Bank, its wholly-owned subsidiary, and does not significantly utilize disaggregated

segment financial information for decision making and resource allocation. The CODM assesses performance for the banking segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income as reported on the consolidated statement of operations as consolidated net income. Accordingly, all of the Company’s operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment, the banking segment. All categories of interest expense and non-interest expense as disclosed on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations are considered significant to the banking segment.

The Company has determined that no additional segment disclosures are required, specifically as a result of the following;

▪the Company does not use the tracked performance on the disaggregated segment level for decision-making or resource allocation purposes,

▪no significant segment-specific expenses or performance metrics are used internally for decision-making or resource allocation purposes other than those reported on the consolidated statement of operations, and

▪the level of financial consolidation presented in these financial statements aligns with the CODM’s internal reporting and decision-making process

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Interest Bearing Cash Deposits

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash held as demand deposits at various banks and the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”), interest bearing deposits, federal funds sold, and liquid investments with original or acquired maturities of three months or less. Interest bearing deposits are maintained at other financial institutions as collateral for certain derivative contracts and are considered restricted cash. Interest earned on interest bearing cash deposits was $28,920,000 and $31,158,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and are included in interest income on investment securities on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company had no restricted cash held as collateral for derivative contracts as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Bank is required to maintain an average reserve balance either with the FRB or in the form of cash on hand at a reserve rate determined by the FRB. Effective March 26, 2020, the FRB Board reduced the reserve requirement ratio to zero percent. The required reserve balance at December 31, 2025 was $0.

Debt Securities

Debt securities for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity (“HTM”) and are carried at amortized cost. Debt securities held primarily for the purpose of selling in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in income. Debt securities not classified as HTM or trading are classified as AFS and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes, as a separate component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized or accreted into income using a method that approximates the interest method. The objective of the interest method is to calculate periodic interest income at a constant effective yield. The Company does not have any debt securities classified as trading securities. When the Company acquires another entity, it records the debt securities at fair value.

The Company reviews and analyzes the various risks that may be present within the investment portfolio on an ongoing basis, including market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. Market risk is the risk to an entity’s financial condition resulting from adverse changes in the value of its holdings arising from movements in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices or commodity prices. The Company assesses the market risk of individual debt securities as well as the investment portfolio as a whole. Credit risk, broadly defined, is the risk that an issuer or counterparty will fail to perform on an obligation. The credit rating of a security is considered the primary credit quality indicator for debt securities. Liquidity risk refers to the risk that a security will not have an active and efficient market in which the security can be sold.

A debt security is investment grade if the issuer has adequate capacity to meet its commitment over the expected life of the investment, i.e., the risk of default is low and full and timely repayment of interest and principal is expected. To determine investment grade status for debt securities, the Company conducts due diligence of the creditworthiness of the issuer or counterparty prior to acquisition and ongoing thereafter consistent with the risk characteristics of the security and the overall risk of the investment portfolio. Credit quality due diligence takes into account the extent to which a security is guaranteed by the U.S. government and other agencies of the U.S. government. The depth of the due diligence is based on the complexity of the structure, the size of the security, and takes into account material positions and specific groups of securities or stratifications for analysis and review of similar risk positions. The due diligence includes consideration of payment performance, collateral adequacy, internal analyses, third party research and analytics, external credit ratings and default statistics.

The Company has acquired debt securities through acquisitions and if the securities have more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination, they are designated as purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) securities. An ACL is determined using the same methodology as with other debt securities. The sum of a PCD security’s fair value and associated ACL becomes its initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the debt security is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the security. Subsequent changes to the ACL are recorded through provision for credit losses. For additional information relating to debt securities, see Note 2.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through loss on sale of securities. For the AFS securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In such assessment, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, if there are any changes to the investment grade of the security by a rating agency, and if there are any adverse conditions that impact the security. If this assessment indicates a credit loss exists, the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a potential credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost. Any estimated credit losses that have not been recorded through an ACL are recognized in OCI.

The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the estimate of credit losses for AFS debt securities. As part of its non-accrual policy, the Company charges-off uncollectable interest at the time it is determined to be uncollectable.

Allowance for Credit Losses - HTM Debt Securities

For estimating the allowance for HTM debt securities that share similar risk characteristics with other securities, such securities are pooled based on major security type. For pools of such securities with similar risk characteristics, the historical lifetime probability of default and severity of loss in the event of default is derived or obtained from external sources and adjusted for the expected effects of reasonable and supportable forecasts over the expected lives of the securities on those historical credit losses. Expected credit losses on securities in the HTM portfolio that do not share similar risk characteristics with any of the pools of debt securities are individually measured based on net realizable value, or the difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and the recorded amortized cost basis of the securities.

The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the estimate of credit losses for HTM debt securities. As part of its non-accrual policy, the Company charges off uncollectable interest at the time it is determined to be uncollectable.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale generally consist of long-term, fixed rate, conforming, single-family residential real estate loans intended to be sold on the secondary market. Fair value elections are made at the time of origination based on the Company’s fair value election policy. Loans held for sale are currently recorded at fair value and may be sold with or without servicing rights. Changes in fair value are recognized in gain on sale of loans included in non-interest income.

Loans Receivable

The Company’s loan segments or classes are based on the purpose of the loan and consist of residential real estate, commercial real estate (“CRE”), other commercial, home equity, and other consumer loans. Loans that are intended at origination to be held for investment, are reported at the unpaid principal balance less net charge-offs and adjusted for deferred fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Fees and costs on originated loans and premiums or discounts on acquired loans are deferred and subsequently amortized or accreted as a yield adjustment over the expected life of the loan utilizing the interest or straight-line methods. The interest method is utilized for loans with scheduled payment terms and the objective is to calculate periodic interest income at a constant effective yield. The straight-line method is utilized for revolving lines of credit or loans with no scheduled payment terms. When a loan is paid off prior to maturity, the remaining unamortized fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans are immediately recognized as interest income.

Loans that are 30 days or more past due based on payments received and applied to the loan are considered delinquent. Loans are designated non-accrual and the accrual of interest is discontinued when the collection of the contractual principal or interest is unlikely. A loan is typically placed on non-accrual when principal or interest is due and has remained unpaid for 90 days or more. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Subsequent payments on non-accrual loans are applied to the outstanding principal balance if doubt remains as to the ultimate collectability of the loan. Interest accruals are not resumed on partially charged-off impaired loans. For other loans on non-accrual, interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest.

The Company has acquired loans through acquisitions, some of which have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. The Company considers all acquired non-accrual loans to be PCD loans. In addition, the Company considers loans accruing 90 days or more past due or substandard loans to be PCD loans. An ACL is determined using the same methodology as other loans held for investment. The ACL determined on a collective basis is allocated to individual loans. The sum of a loan’s fair value and ACL becomes the initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the

loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the ACL are recorded through provision for credit losses.

For additional information relating to loans, see Note 3.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Receivable

The ACL for loans receivable represents management’s estimate of credit losses over the expected contractual life of the loan portfolio. The estimate is determined based on the amortized cost of the loan portfolio including the loan balance adjusted for charge-offs, recoveries, deferred fees and costs, and loan discount and premiums. Recoveries are included only to the extent that such amounts were previously charged-off. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the estimate of credit losses for loans. Determining the adequacy of the allowance is complex and requires a high degree of judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the then-existing loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance in those future periods.

The allowance is adjusted for estimated credit losses which is recorded in the provision for credit losses. The portion of loans and overdraft balances determined by management to be uncollectable are charged-off as a reduction to the allowance and recoveries of amounts previously charged-off increase the allowance. The Company’s charge-off policy is consistent with bank regulatory standards. Consumer loans generally are charged-off when the loan becomes over 120 days delinquent. Real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as other real estate owned (“OREO”) until such time as it is sold.

The expected credit loss estimate process involves procedures to consider the unique characteristics of each of the Company’s loan portfolio segments, which consist of residential real estate, CRE, other commercial, home equity, and other consumer loans. When computing the allowance levels, credit loss assumptions are estimated using a model that categorizes loan pools and that considers loss history, credit and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. The Company has determined a four consecutive quarter forecasting period is a reasonable and supportable period. Expected credit loss for periods beyond reasonable and supportable forecast periods are determined based on a reversion method which reverts back to historical loss estimates over a four consecutive quarter period on a straight-line basis.

Credit quality is assessed and monitored by evaluating various attributes and the results of those evaluations are utilized in underwriting new loans and the process for estimating the expected credit losses. The following paragraphs describe the risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment.

Residential Real Estate. Residential real estate loans are secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the residential property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes. Mitigating risk factors for this loan segment include a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for relatively smaller amounts.

Commercial Real Estate. CRE loans typically involve larger principal amounts, and repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan and/or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by the creditworthiness of a borrower, valuation of the property securing the loan and conditions within the local economies in the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas.

Other Commercial. Other commercial loans consist of loans to commercial customers for use in financing working capital needs, equipment purchases and business expansions. The loans in this category are repaid primarily from the cash flow of a borrower’s principal business operation. Credit risk in these loans is driven by creditworthiness of a borrower and the economic conditions that impact the cash flow stability from business operations across the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas.

Home Equity. Home equity loans consist of junior lien mortgages and first and junior lien lines of credit (revolving open-end and amortizing closed-end) secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the residential property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes. Mitigating risk factors for this loan segment are a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for terms that range from 10 to 15 years.

Other Consumer. The other consumer loan portfolio consists of various short-term loans such as automobile loans and loans for other personal purposes. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers. Credit risk is driven by consumer economic factors (such as unemployment and general economic conditions in the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas) and the creditworthiness of a borrower.

The allowance is impacted by loan volumes, delinquency status, credit ratings, historical loss experiences, estimated prepayment speeds, weighted average lives and other conditions influencing loss expectations, such as reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the allowance has two basic components: 1) individual loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans; and 2) the expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics.

Loans that do not Share Similar Risk Characteristics with Other Loans. For a loan that does not share similar risk characteristics with other loans, expected credit loss is measured based on the net realizable value, that is, the difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and the amortized cost basis of the loan. For these loans, the expected credit loss is equal to the amount by which the net realizable value of the loan is less than the amortized cost basis of the loan (which is net of previous charge-offs and deferred loan fees and costs), except when the loan is collateral-dependent, that is, when foreclosure is probable or the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In these cases, expected credit loss is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral. The fair value of the collateral is adjusted for the estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of a loan is dependent on the sale (rather than only on the operation) of the collateral. The Company has determined that non-accrual loans do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans and these loans are individually evaluated for estimated ACL. The Company, through its credit monitoring process, may also identify other loans that do not share similar risk characteristics and individually evaluate such loans. The starting point for determining the fair value of collateral is to obtain external appraisals or evaluations (new or updated). The valuation techniques used in preparing appraisals or evaluations include the cost approach, income approach, sales comparison approach, or a combination of the preceding valuation techniques. The Company’s credit department reviews appraisals, giving consideration to the highest and best use of the collateral. The appraisals or evaluations are reviewed at least quarterly and more frequently based on current market conditions, including deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and when property values may be subject to significant volatility. Adjustments may be made to the fair value of the collateral after review and acceptance of the collateral appraisal or evaluation.

Loans that Share Similar Risk Characteristics with other Loans. For estimating the allowance for loans that share similar risk characteristics with other loans, such loans are segregated into loan segments. Loans are designated into loan segments based on loans pooled by product types and similar risk characteristics or areas of risk concentration. In determining the ACL, the Company derives an estimated credit loss assumption from a model that categorizes loan pools based on loan type. This model calculates an expected loss percentage for each loan segment by considering the non-discounted simple annual average historical loss rate of each loan segment (calculated through an “open pool” method), multiplying the loss rate by the amortized loan balance and incorporating that segment’s internally generated prepayment speed assumption and contractually scheduled remaining principal pay downs on a loan level basis. The annual historical loss rates are adjusted over a reasonable economic forecast period by a multiplier that is calculated based upon current national economic forecasts as a proportion of each segment’s historical average loss levels. The Company will then revert from the economic forecast period back to the historical average loss rate on a straight-line basis. After the reversion period, the loans will be assumed to experience their historical loss rate for the remainder of their contractual lives. The model applies the expected loss rate over the projected cash flows at the individual loan level and then aggregates the losses by loan segment in determining their quantitative allowance. The Company will also include qualitative adjustments to adjust the ACL on loan segments to the extent the current or future market conditions are believed to vary substantially from historical conditions in regards to:

•lending policies and procedures;

•international, national, regional and local economic business conditions, developments, or environmental conditions that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various markets;

•the nature and volume of the loan portfolio including the terms of the loans;

•the experience, ability, and depth of the lending management and other relevant staff;

•the volume and severity of past due and adversely classified or graded loans and the volume of non-accrual loans;

•the quality of our loan review system;

•the value of underlying collateral for collateralized loans;

•the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of concentrations; and

•the effect of external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio.

The Company regularly reviews loans in the portfolio to assess credit quality indicators and to determine the appropriate loan classification and grading in accordance with applicable bank regulations. The primary credit quality indicator for residential, home equity and other consumer loans is the days past due status, which consists of the following categories: 1) performing loans; 2) 30 to 89 days past due loans; and 3) non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans. The primary credit quality indicator for CRE and commercial loans is the Company’s internal risk rating system, which includes the following categories: 1) pass loans; 2) special mention loans; 3) substandard loans; and 4) doubtful or loss loans. Such credit quality indicators are regularly monitored and incorporated into the Company’s allowance estimate. The following paragraphs further define the internal risk ratings for CRE and commercial loans.

Pass Loans. These ratings represent loans that are of acceptable, good or excellent quality with very limited to no risk. Loans that do not have one of the following ratings are considered pass loans.

Special Mention Loans. These ratings represent loans that are designated as special mention per the regulatory definition. Special mention loans are currently protected but are potentially weak. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitute an undue and unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific loan. The rating may be used to identify credit with potential weaknesses that if not corrected may weaken the loan to the point of inadequately protecting the Company’s credit position. Examples include a lack of supervision, inadequate loan agreement, condition, or control of collateral, incomplete, or improper documentation, deviations from lending policy, and adverse trends in operations or economic conditions.

Substandard Loans. This rating represents loans that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. A loan so classified must have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregated amount of substandard loans, does not have to exist in an individual loan classified substandard.

Doubtful/Loss Loans. A loan classified as doubtful has the characteristics that make collection in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans. Loans are classified as loss when they are deemed to be not collectible and of such little value that continuance as an active asset of the Company is not warranted. Loans classified as loss must be charged-off. Assignment of this classification does not mean that an asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be attained in the future.

Modifications

The Company identifies and monitors loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (“MBFD”). The Company considers some of the indicators that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty to be: currently in payment default on any of their debt, declaring bankruptcy, going concern, borrower’s securities have been delisted, and other indicators of inability to meet obligations. This list does not include all potential indicators of a borrower’s financial difficulties. Each debt modification is separately negotiated with the borrower and includes terms and conditions that reflect the borrower’s prospective ability to service their obligations as modified. The ACL on loans that are considered MBFD’s are measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company maintains a separate ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments. Such ACL is included in other liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition. The Company estimates the amount of expected losses by calculating a commitment usage factor over the contractual period for exposures and applying the loss factors used in the ACL methodology to the results of the usage calculation to estimate the liability for credit losses related to unfunded commitments for each loan segment. No credit loss estimate is reported for off-balance sheet credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had an ACL of $29,973,000 and $20,419,000, respectively, for off-balance sheet credit exposures.

Provision for Credit Losses

The Company recognizes provision for credit losses on the allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures (e.g., unfunded loan commitments) together with provision for credit losses on the loan portfolio in the consolidated statement of operations line item provision for credit losses.

The following table presents the provision for credit losses on the loan portfolio and off-balance sheet exposures:


	Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Provision for credit loss loans	$	61,846	27,179	20,790
Provision for credit loss unfunded	9,554		1,127	(5,995)
Total provision for credit losses	$	71,400	28,306	14,795

There was no provision for credit losses on debt securities for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are accounted for at cost less depreciation. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives or the term of the related lease. The estimated useful life for office buildings is 15 to 40 years and the estimated useful life for furniture, fixtures, and equipment is 3 to 10 years. Interest is capitalized for any significant building projects. For additional information relating to premises and equipment, see Note 4.

Leases

The Company leases certain land, premises and equipment from third parties. A lessee lease is classified as an operating lease unless it meets certain criteria (e.g., lease contains option to purchase that Company is reasonably certain to exercise), in which case it is classified as a finance lease. These leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) assets on the Company’s statement of financial condition. The operating leases have an ROU liability in operating lease liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition and lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The finance leases have liabilities that are included in finance lease liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition. The interest expense incurred on the finance lease liability is included in interest expense on other borrowed funds on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. An ROU asset represents the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and also includes any direct costs and payments made prior to lease commencement and excludes lease incentives. When an implicit rate is not available, an incremental borrowing rate for the Company based on the information available at commencement date is used in determining the present value of the lease payments. A lease term will include an option to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. The Company accounts for lease and non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance) together as a single combined lease component for all asset classes. The Company has elected to recognize payments for short-term leases of 12 months or less on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and exclude such leases from the Company’s statements of financial condition. Renewal and termination options are considered when determining short-term leases. Leases are accounted for on an individual lease level.

Lease improvements incurred at the inception of the lease are recorded as an asset and depreciated over the initial term of the lease and lease improvements incurred subsequently are depreciated over the remaining term of the lease.

The Company also leases certain premises and equipment to third parties. A lessor lease is classified as an operating lease unless it meets certain criteria that would classify it as either a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease. For additional information relating to leases, see Note 5.

Other Real Estate Owned

Property acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value, less estimated selling cost, at acquisition date (i.e., cost of the property). The Company is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan upon the occurrence of either the Company obtaining legal title to the property or the borrower conveying all interest in the property through a deed-in-lieu or similar agreement. Fair value is determined as the amount that could be reasonably expected in a current sale between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Subsequent to the initial acquisition, if the fair value of the asset, less estimated selling cost, is less than the cost of the property, a loss is recognized in other expense and the asset carrying value is reduced. Gain or loss on disposition of OREO is recorded in non-interest income or non-interest expense, respectively. In determining the fair value of the properties on the date of transfer and any subsequent estimated losses of net realizable value, the fair value of OREO acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is determined primarily based upon appraisal or evaluation of the underlying property value.

Long-lived Assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset is deemed impaired if the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. If impaired, an impairment loss is recognized in other expense to reduce the carrying value of the asset to fair value. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, no long-lived assets were considered materially impaired.

Business Combinations and Intangible Assets

Acquisition accounting requires the total purchase price to be allocated to the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain intangible assets. Goodwill is recorded if the purchase price exceeds the net fair value of assets acquired and a bargain purchase gain is recorded in other income if the net fair value of assets acquired exceeds the purchase price.

Adjustment of the allocated purchase price may be related to fair value estimates for which all information has not been obtained for the acquired entity and becomes known or discovered during the allocation period, the period of time required to identify and measure the fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in the business combination. The allocation period is generally limited to one year following consummation of a business combination.

Core deposit intangible represents the intangible value of depositor relationships resulting from deposit liabilities assumed in acquisitions and is amortized using an accelerated method based on an estimated runoff of the related deposits. The core deposit intangible is evaluated for impairment and recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable, with any changes in estimated useful life accounted for prospectively over the revised remaining life.

The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually during the third quarter. The Company has identified the aggregated Bank divisions as a single reporting unit (i.e., a component of the Bank operating segment) given that each division has similar economic characteristics, products, services, and are all subject to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) oversight under one regulatory call report.

The goodwill of a reporting unit is tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Examples of events and circumstances that could trigger the need for interim impairment testing include:

•a significant change in legal factors or in the business climate;

•an adverse action or assessment by a regulator;

•unanticipated competition;

•a loss of key personnel;

•a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or otherwise disposed of; and

•the testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit.

For the goodwill impairment assessment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The Company elected to bypass the qualitative assessment for its 2025 and 2024 annual goodwill impairment testing and proceed directly to the goodwill impairment assessment. The goodwill impairment process requires the Company to make assumptions and judgments regarding fair value. The Company calculates an implied fair value for the reporting unit and if the implied fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference. For additional information relating to goodwill, see Note 6.

Loan Servicing Rights

For residential real estate loans that are sold with servicing retained, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value in other assets and gain on sale of loans. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts. The servicing asset is subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires the servicing rights to be amortized into non-interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans.

Loan servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the servicing rights compared to the carrying value. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying value. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists, a reduction in the valuation allowance may be recorded. Changes in the valuation allowance are recorded in other income. The fair value of the servicing assets are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.

Servicing fee income is recognized in other income for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on contractual percentage of the outstanding principal; or a fixed amount per loan and is recorded when earned. The amortization of loan servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income. For additional information relating to loan servicing rights, see Note 7.

Equity Securities

Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock is restricted because such stock may only be sold to FHLB at its par value. Due to restrictive terms, and the lack of a readily determinable fair value, FHLB stock is carried at cost and evaluated for impairment. The investments in FHLB stock are required investments related to the Company’s borrowings from FHLB. FHLB obtains its funding primarily through issuance of consolidated obligations of the FHLB system. The U.S. government does not guarantee these obligations, and each of the regional FHLBs is jointly and severally liable for repayment of each other’s debt.

The Company also has other equity securities that are included in other assets on the Company’s statements of financial condition. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value and changes in fair value are recognized in other income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment. For equity securities that qualify for the practical expedient method using the net asset value, the equity security is measured at the net asset value and changes in the fair value are recognized in other income.

Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program

During the first quarter of 2023, the FRB offered a new Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”) for eligible depository institutions. The Company paid off this borrowing in the first quarter of 2024.

Other Borrowings

Borrowings of the Company’s consolidated VIEs and finance lease arrangements are included in other borrowings. For additional information relating to VIE’s, see Note 8.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

The Company maintains bank-owned life insurance policies on certain current and former employees and directors, which are recorded at their cash surrender values as determined by the insurance carriers. The appreciation in the cash surrender value of the policies is recognized as a component of other income in non-interest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing operations. The primary risk managed by using derivative instruments is interest rate risk. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. At the inception of a derivative contract, the Company designates the derivatives as one of three types based on the intention of the hedge. These three types are (1) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (“fair value hedge”), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”), or (3) an instrument with no hedging designation (“non-designated derivative”).

Hedging Derivatives

The fair value hedges and cash flow hedges are recognized as other assets or other liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition and are measured at fair value. Earnings on fair value hedges and cash flow hedges are recognized in the same income statement line item that is used to present the earnings effect of the hedged item. Cash flows resulting from the fair value hedges and cash flow hedges are classified in the Company’s cash flow statement in the same category as the cash flows of the items being hedged. For a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative included in the effectiveness testing, as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in earnings as fair value changes. The Company has elected for a fair value hedge, and the fair value of the amounts excluded from the initial assessment of effectiveness will be amortized in earnings using a systematic and rational method with any difference between the change in fair value of the excluded component and amounts recognized in earnings to be recognized in OCI. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in OCI and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. This documentation includes linking fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the statement of financial condition or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. The Company then formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are designated are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows or fair values of the hedged items. The Company has elected not to offset the fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments and the fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral arising from derivative instruments recognized at fair value executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement.

When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as non-interest income. When a fair value hedge is discontinued, the hedged asset or liability is no longer adjusted for changes in fair value and the existing basis adjustment is amortized or accreted over the remaining life of the asset or liability. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows or forecasted transactions are still expected to occur, gains or losses that were accumulated in OCI are amortized into earnings over the same periods which the hedged transactions will affect earnings.

Non-Designated Derivatives

Commitments to fund mortgage loans (“interest rate locks”) to be sold on the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of these mortgage loans are accounted for as non-designated derivatives. The fair value of the interest rate lock is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded. In order to economically hedge the change in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the majority of these loans, the Company enters into forward commitments to sell to-be-announced (“TBA”) securities which are used to economically hedge the interest rate risk associated with such loans and unfunded commitments. For all other residential real estate loans to be sold, the Company enters into “best efforts” forward sales commitments for the future delivery of loans to third party investors when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans. Forward sales commitments on a “best efforts” basis are not designated in derivatives relationships until the loan is funded. Fair values of these mortgage derivatives are estimated based on changes in

mortgage interest rates from the date the interest on the loan is locked. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in net gains on sales of loans.

For additional information relating to the derivatives and hedging activity, see Note 12.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when services or products are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. Revenue from contracts with customers was $101,072,000, $94,011,000, and $88,547,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, and largely consisted of revenue from service charges and other fees from deposits (e.g., overdraft fees, automated teller machine (“ATM”) fees, debit card fees). Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s contracts with customers, an insignificant amount of receivables related to such revenue was recorded at December 31, 2025 and 2024 and there were no impairment losses recognized. Policies specific to revenue from contracts with customers include the following:

Service Charges. Revenue from service charges consists of service charges and fees on deposit accounts under depository agreements with customers to provide access to deposited funds and, when applicable, pay interest on deposits. Service charges on deposit accounts may be transactional or non-transactional in nature. Transactional service charges occur in the form of a service or penalty and are charged upon the occurrence of an event (e.g., overdraft fees, ATM fees, wire transfer fees). Transactional service charges are recognized as services are delivered to and consumed by the customer, or as penalty fees are charged. Non-transactional service charges are charges that are based on a broader service, such as account maintenance fees and dormancy fees, and are recognized on a monthly basis.

Debit Card Fees. Revenue from debit card fees includes interchange fee income from debit cards processed through card association networks. Interchange fees represent a portion of a transaction amount that the Company and other involved parties retain to compensate themselves for giving the cardholder immediate access to funds. Interchange rates are generally set by the card association networks and are based on purchase volumes and other factors. The Company records interchange fees as services are provided.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation awards granted, comprised of restricted stock units and stock options, are valued at fair value and compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of each award. The impact of forfeitures of stock-based compensation awards on compensation expense is recognized as forfeitures occur. For additional information relating to stock-based compensation, see Note 14.

Advertising and Promotion

Advertising and promotion costs are recognized in the period incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expense consists of current and deferred income tax expense. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of enacted tax law to earnings or losses. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for estimated future income tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of applicable laws.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The term more-likely-than-not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent. The recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to the Company’s judgment. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers both positive and negative evidence. For additional information relating to income taxes, see Note 17.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net income and OCI. OCI includes unrealized gains and losses, net of tax effect, on available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, including transferred debt securities, and derivatives used for fair value hedges and cash flow hedges. When OCI is reclassified into net income (loss), the tax effect is recognized in income tax expense. For additional information relating to OCI, see Note 18.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed by including the net increase in shares as if dilutive outstanding stock options were exercised and restricted stock units were vested, using the treasury stock method. For additional information relating to earnings per share, see Note 19.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2024 and 2023 financial statements to conform to the 2025 presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net earnings.

Accounting Guidance Adopted in 2025

The ASC is the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) officially recognized source of authoritative GAAP applicable to all public and non-public non-governmental entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the authority of the federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for the Company as an SEC registrant. All other accounting literature is non-authoritative. The following provides a description of a recently adopted ASU that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

ASU 2023-09 - Income Tax Disclosures. In December 2023, FASB amended topic 740 related to certain income tax disclosures (the “Update”). The amendments provide updates related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures to improve transparency of income disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. Other amendments in the Update improve the effectiveness and comparability of disclosures and remove disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial or relevant. The Company adopted the amendments and there was no material impact to the Company’s disclosures or financial position and results of operations. For additional information relating to the adoption of the amendments, see Note 17.

Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at December 31, 2025

The following provides a description of a recently issued but not yet effective ASU that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

ASU 2024-03 - Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. In November 2024, FASB amended ASC subtopic 220-40 which requires certain disaggregated disclosures of the income statement. The amendments require new financial statement disclosures in tabular format, disaggregating information about prescribed categories underlying any relevant income statement expense caption. The prescribed categories include, among other things, employee compensation, depreciation and intangible amortization. The amendments are effective for public business entities in the first annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods with annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update may be applied on a prospective basis or retrospective to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update, but does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements, including related disclosures, or significant impact on its current processes.

ASU 2025-08 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. In November 2025, FASB amended ASC Topic 326 related to purchased loans (the “Update”). The amendments in the Update expand the population of acquired financial assets subject to the gross-up approach in Topic 326. Loans acquired without credit deterioration and deemed seasoned are considered purchased seasoned loans and accounted for using the gross-up approach at acquisition. All non-PCD loans that are acquired in a business combination are deemed seasoned. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026. Early adoption is permitted and the amendments should be applied prospectively to loans that are acquired on or after the initial application date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this Update.

Premises and Equipment - Net of Accumulated Depreciation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Premises and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Accumulated depreciation	$ (208,121)	$ (207,743)
Net premises and equipment	486,184	411,968
Land
Premises and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Premises and equipment, gross	100,599	84,402
Buildings and construction in progress
Premises and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Premises and equipment, gross	453,374	395,458
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
Premises and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Premises and equipment, gross	119,701	123,901
Leasehold improvements
Premises and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Premises and equipment, gross	$ 20,631	$ 15,950

Subordinated Debentures - Schedule of Subordinated Debentures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 187,492	$ 133,105
Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	139,455
First Company Statutory Trust 2001 \| Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 3,773
Rate	7.402%
Rate Structure	3.30%
First Company Statutory Trust 2003 \| Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 2,767
Rate	7.20%
Rate Structure	3.25%
FNB (UT) Statutory Trust I \| Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 4,124
Rate	7.05%
Rate Structure	3.10%
Glacier Capital Trust II \| Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 46,393
Rate	6.916%
Rate Structure	2.75%
Citizens (ID) Statutory Trust I \| Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 5,155
Rate	6.616%
Rate Structure	2.65%
Glacier Capital Trust III \| Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 36,083
Rate	5.456%
Rate Structure	1.29%
Glacier Capital Trust IV \| Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 30,928
Rate	5.555%
Rate Structure	1.57%
Guaranty (TX) Capital Trust III \| Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 1,763
Rate	5.917%
Rate Structure	1.67%
FNB (UT) Statutory Trust II \| Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 1,861
Rate	5.705%
Rate Structure	1.72%
Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation Trust I \| Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 2,183
Rate	5.874%
Rate Structure	1.82%
DCB Financial Trust I \| Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 4,425
Rate	5.785%
Rate Structure	1.80%
Bank Of Idaho Holding Co 2021
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 14,365
Rate	3.375%
Stifel Nicolaus And Co 2022
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 33,672
Rate	3.625%

Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed) - Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Operating Activities
Net income	$ 239,028	$ 190,144	$ 222,927
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Stock-based compensation, net of tax benefits	6,345	5,694	5,929
Net cash provided by operating activities	374,399	258,037	500,715
Investing Activities
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	1,064,425	493,141	(207,492)
Financing Activities
Net (decrease) increase in other borrowed funds	(20,588)	5,149	6,915
Cash dividends paid	(162,736)	(150,034)	(146,690)
Tax withholding payments for stock-based compensation	(2,627)	(1,738)	(1,870)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	1,059	113	75
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(1,051,971)	(1,257,112)	659,124
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	386,853	(505,934)	952,347
Cash, cash equivalents at beginning of period	848,408	1,354,342	401,995
Cash, cash equivalents at end of period	1,235,261	848,408	1,354,342
Parent Company
Operating Activities
Net income	239,028	190,144	222,927
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Subsidiary income (in excess of) less than dividends distributed	(56,418)	32,638	(58,835)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax benefits	2,149	1,762	1,742
Net change in other assets and other liabilities	124	200	7,788
Net cash provided by operating activities	184,883	224,744	173,622
Investing Activities
Net additions of premises and equipment	(120)	(5)	(3)
Proceeds from sale of marketable equity securities	183	107	0
Equity contributed to subsidiaries	6,516	(698)	0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	6,579	(596)	(3)
Financing Activities
Net (decrease) increase in other borrowed funds	(10,000)	0	0
Cash dividends paid	(162,736)	(150,034)	(146,690)
Tax withholding payments for stock-based compensation	(2,627)	(1,738)	(1,870)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	1,059	113	75
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(174,304)	(151,659)	(148,485)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	17,158	72,489	25,134
Cash, cash equivalents at beginning of period	173,307	100,818	75,684
Cash, cash equivalents at end of period	$ 190,465	$ 173,307	$ 100,818

Subordinated Debentures

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Debt Instruments [Abstract]

Subordinated Debentures

The Company’s subordinated debentures are reflected in the table below. The amounts include fair value adjustments from acquisitions.


	December 31, 2025				Rate Structure	Maturity Date
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		Rate
Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
First Company Statutory Trust 2001	$	3,773	7.402	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.30%	07/31/2031
First Company Statutory Trust 2003	2,767		7.200	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.25%	03/26/2033
FNB (UT) Statutory Trust I	4,124		7.050	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.10%	06/26/2033
Glacier Capital Trust II	46,393		6.916	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 2.75%	04/07/2034
Citizens (ID) Statutory Trust I	5,155		6.616	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 2.65%	06/17/2034
Glacier Capital Trust III	36,083		5.456	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.29%	04/07/2036
Glacier Capital Trust IV	30,928		5.555	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.57%	09/15/2036
Guaranty (TX) Capital Trust III	1,763		5.917	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.67%	10/01/2036
FNB (UT) Statutory Trust II	1,861		5.705	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.72%	12/15/2036
Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation Trust I	2,183		5.874	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.82%	03/01/2037
DCB Financial Trust I	4,425		5.785	%	3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.80%	06/15/2037
Total subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries	$	139,455
Subordinated debentures
Bank of Idaho Holding Co 2021	$	14,365	3.375	%	Fixed	09/30/2031
Stifel Nicolaus & Co 2022	33,672		3.625	%	Fixed	04/01/2032
Total subordinated debentures	$	187,492

Subordinated Debentures Owed to Trust Subsidiaries

Trust preferred securities were issued by the Company’s trust subsidiaries, the common stock of which is wholly-owned by the Company, in conjunction with the Company issuing subordinated debentures to the trust subsidiaries. The terms of the subordinated debentures are the same as the terms of the trust preferred securities. The Company guaranteed the payment of distributions and payments for redemption or liquidation of the trust preferred securities to the extent of funds held by the trust subsidiaries. The obligations of the Company under the subordinated debentures together with the guarantee and other back-up obligations, in the aggregate, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the obligations of all trusts under the trust preferred securities.

The trust preferred securities are subject to mandatory redemption upon repayment of the subordinated debentures at their stated maturity date or the earlier redemption in an amount equal to their liquidation amount plus accumulated and unpaid distributions to the date of redemption. Interest distributions are typically payable quarterly, with one exception. The Company may defer the payment of interest at any time for a period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters provided that the deferral period does not extend past the stated maturity. During any such deferral period, distributions on the trust preferred securities will also be deferred and the Company’s ability to pay dividends on its common shares will be restricted.

Subject to prior approval by the FRB, the trust preferred securities may be redeemed at par prior to maturity at the Company’s option on or after the redemption date. All of the Company’s trust preferred securities have reached the redemption date and could be redeemed at the Company’s option. The trust preferred securities may also be redeemed at any time in whole (but not in part) for the Trusts in the event of unfavorable changes in laws or regulations that result in 1) subsidiary trusts becoming subject to federal income

tax on income received on the subordinated debentures; 2) interest payable by the Company on the subordinated debentures becoming non-deductible for federal tax purposes; 3) the requirement for the trusts to register under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; or 4) loss of the ability to treat the trust preferred securities as Tier 1 capital under the FRB capital adequacy guidelines. As a result of the Company exceeding $15 billion in assets and in compliance with the Dodd-Frank Act, the trust preferred securities are excluded from Tier 1 capital.

For additional information on regulatory capital, see Note 13.

Federal and State Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 0	$ 0
Income tax penalties and interest accrued	0	0
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance	0	0
Total taxes paid	32,160,000	$ 15,604,000	$ 27,932,000
Federal
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards
Operating loss carryforwards, amount	1,354,000
Colorado
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards
Operating loss carryforwards, amount	$ 5,994,000

Derivatives and Hedging Activities -Recorded At Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Interest rate swap agreements \| Designated as Hedging Instrument
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Average Maturity	3 months 14 days
Notional Amount	$ 1,395,500	$ 1,630,500
Fair value hedge designation	244	9,287
Interest rate cap agreements
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Notional Amount	0	86,500
Cash flow hedge designation	$ 0	720
Interest rate cap agreements \| Designated as Hedging Instrument
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Average Maturity	4 years 7 months 13 days
Notional Amount	$ 100,000	0
Fair value hedge designation	2,128	0
Interest rate locks \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Notional Amount	44,089	22,977
Fair value asset	700	410
TBA commitments \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Notional Amount	55,250	29,000
Fair value asset		$ 169
Fair value liability	$ (241)

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Interest Rate Swap Gains or Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Pre-Tax Gains or Losses
Amount of (loss) gain recognized in OCI	$ (656)	$ 777	$ 2,006
Interest rate caps
Pre-Tax Gains or Losses
Amount of (loss) gain recognized in OCI	(657)	777	2,006
Amount of gain reclassified from OCI to interest expense	63	$ 4,879	$ 4,605
Amount of (loss) gain recognized in OCI	$ (27)

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4C
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 815
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-Paragraph 182
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480401/815-10-55-182

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-Section 50
-Paragraph 4D
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-4D

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-Topic 815
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 4A
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-4CCC

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-Topic 815
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-4CCC

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+ Details

Debt Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and the fair value of debt securities

The following tables present the amortized cost, the gross unrealized gains and losses and the fair value of the Company’s debt securities:


	December 31, 2025
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	257,758	156	(1,984)	255,930
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	315,675		86	(3,273)	312,488
State and local governments	165,305		1,035	(2,256)	164,084
Corporate bonds	33,691		279	(21)	33,949
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,391,698		1,417	(177,996)	2,215,119
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,069,563		790	(44,411)	1,025,942
Total available-for-sale	4,233,690		3,763	(229,941)	4,007,512
Held-to-maturity
U.S. government and federal agency	865,696		—	(24,129)	841,567
State and local governments	1,587,673		1,341	(175,623)	1,413,391
Residential mortgage-backed securities	656,847		224	(31,913)	625,158
Total held-to-maturity	3,110,216		1,565	(231,665)	2,880,116
Total debt securities	$	7,343,906	5,328	(461,606)	6,887,628


	December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	484,082	5	(15,654)	468,433
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	323,854		—	(13,700)	310,154
State and local governments	71,737		215	(3,272)	68,680
Corporate bonds	14,818		—	(315)	14,503
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,660,330		5	(304,819)	2,355,516
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,101,489		2	(73,572)	1,027,919
Total available-for-sale	4,656,310		227	(411,332)	4,245,205
Held-to-maturity
U.S. government and federal agency	859,432		—	(54,496)	804,936
State and local governments	1,619,850		810	(209,502)	1,411,158
Residential mortgage-backed securities	815,565		—	(63,089)	752,476
Total held-to-maturity	3,294,847		810	(327,087)	2,968,570
Total debt securities	$	7,951,157	1,037	(738,419)	7,213,775

Amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity


	December 31, 2025
	Available-for-Sale			Held-to-Maturity
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value
Due within one year	$	465,404	462,434	297,756	293,095
Due after one year through five years	169,457		167,634	684,897	664,079
Due after five years through ten years	81,558		81,003	274,562	263,672
Due after ten years	56,010		55,380	1,196,154	1,034,112
	772,429		766,451	2,453,369	2,254,958
Mortgage-backed securities 1	3,461,261		3,241,061	656,847	625,158
Total	$	4,233,690	4,007,512	3,110,216	2,880,116

______________________________

1 Mortgage-backed securities, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their prepayment speeds.

Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities and associated gains and losses

Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities and the associated gains and losses that have been included in earnings in gain (loss) on sale of securities are listed below:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Available-for-sale
Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities	$	319,248	251,295	31,944
Gross realized gains 1	—		782	145
Gross realized losses 1	—		(725)	(176)
Held-to-maturity
Proceeds from calls of debt securities	15,140		14,295	18,125
Gross realized gains 1	—		—	10
Gross realized losses 1	—		(27)	(193)

______________________________

1 The gain or loss on the sale or call of each debt security is determined by the specific identification method.

Summary of debt securities with an unrealized loss position


	December 31, 2025
	Number of Securities	Less than 12 Months			12 Months or More		Total
(Dollars in thousands)		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss	Fair Value	Unrealized Loss	Fair Value	Unrealized Loss
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	39	$	55,231	(82)	179,092	(1,902)	234,323	(1,984)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	12	—		—	302,962	(3,273)	302,962	(3,273)
State and local governments	88	36,534		(83)	46,762	(2,173)	83,296	(2,256)
Corporate bonds	2	—		—	13,980	(21)	13,980	(21)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	376	28,843		(42)	1,983,182	(177,954)	2,012,025	(177,996)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	142	62,427		(215)	864,907	(44,196)	927,334	(44,411)
Total available-for-sale	659	$	183,035	(422)	3,390,885	(229,519)	3,573,920	(229,941)


	December 31, 2024
	Number of Securities	Less than 12 Months			12 Months or More		Total
(Dollars in thousands)		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss	Fair Value	Unrealized Loss	Fair Value	Unrealized Loss
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	55	$	3,756	(34)	463,151	(15,620)	466,907	(15,654)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	14	—		—	310,154	(13,700)	310,154	(13,700)
State and local governments	50	3,653		(35)	49,748	(3,237)	53,401	(3,272)
Corporate bonds	2	—		—	13,707	(315)	13,707	(315)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	389	13,535		(240)	2,341,700	(304,579)	2,355,235	(304,819)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	152	36,466		(1,042)	986,809	(72,530)	1,023,275	(73,572)
Total available-for-sale	662	$	57,410	(1,351)	4,165,269	(409,981)	4,222,679	(411,332)

Credit quality indictors for HTM debt securities

The following table summarizes the amortized cost of HTM municipal bonds aggregated by NRSRO credit rating:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Municipal bonds held-to-maturity
S&P: AAA / Moody’s: Aaa	$	397,328	414,147
S&P: AA+, AA, AA- / Moody’s: Aa1, Aa2, Aa3	1,155,450		1,168,491
S&P: A+, A, A- / Moody’s: A1, A2, A3	29,093		33,585

Not rated by either entity	5,802		3,627

Total municipal bonds held-to-maturity	$	1,587,673	1,619,850

Federal and State Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of consolidated income tax expense

The following table is a summary of consolidated income tax expense:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Current
Federal	$	41,456	23,695	27,626
State	13,830		9,857	16,548
Total current income tax expense	55,286		33,552	44,174
Deferred 1
Federal	(3,493)		2,010	404
State	(573)		598	103
Total deferred income tax (benefit) expense	(4,066)		2,608	507
Total income tax expense	$	51,220	36,160	44,681

______________________________

1 Includes tax benefit of operating loss carryforwards of $359,000, $307,000, and $313,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Summary of effective tax rate

Combined federal and state income tax expense differs from that computed at the federal statutory corporate income tax rate as follows:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025
Federal statutory rate	$	60,952	21.0	%
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 1	10,473		3.6	%
Tax credits
Low-income tax credits (net)	(6,646)		(2.3)	%
New market tax credits	(5,797)		(2.0	%)
Other tax credits	(602)		(0.2	%)
Non-deductible and non-taxable items:
Tax-exempt interest income	(11,442)		(3.9	%)
Other, net	4,282		1.4	%
Effective income tax	$	51,220	17.6	%

______________________________

1 State taxes in Montana made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category.

Prior to the adoption of the guidance in ASU 2023-09, the combined federal and state income tax expense differed from that computed at the federal statutory corporate income tax rate as follows:


	Years ended
	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	3.6	%	4.9	%

Tax-exempt interest income	(4.5	%)	(4.3	%)
Tax credits	(5.5	%)	(5.6	%)
Other, net	1.4	%	0.7	%
Effective income tax rate	16.0	%	16.7	%

Schedule of Income Taxes Paid (Net of Refunds)

During the periods presented, the Company paid income taxes (net of refunds) to the following jurisdictions:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025
Federal	$	18,036
Montana	7,748
Idaho	2,060
Utah	1,960
All other states	2,356
Total taxes paid	$	32,160

Summary of net deferred tax asset

The tax effect of temporary differences which give rise to a significant portion of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for credit losses	$	70,730	56,430
Available-for-sale debt securities	56,070		102,448
Acquisition fair market value adjustments	21,927		5,471
Employee benefits	15,470		12,234
Operating lease liabilities	13,107		9,943
Deferred compensation	10,668		9,144
Net operating loss carryforwards	493		567
Derivatives	165		2,356
Transferred debt securities	—		395

Other	3,260		3,951
Total gross deferred tax assets	191,890		202,939
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation of premises and equipment	(26,752)		(21,321)
Intangibles	(21,145)		(7,854)
Operating lease ROU assets	(15,625)		(9,042)
Deferred loan costs	(10,520)		(10,043)
Prepaid assets	(4,439)		(3,146)
Mortgage servicing rights	(2,920)		(2,980)
Transferred debt securities	(997)		—


Derivatives	(156)		(2,356)
Other	(7,999)		(7,242)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities	(90,553)		(63,984)
Net deferred tax asset	$	101,337	138,955

Income tax return jurisdictions and years subject to examination

The following schedule summarizes the years that remain subject to examination as of December 31, 2025:


			Years ended December 31,
Federal			2011, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2022, 2023, and 2024
Colorado			2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024
Arizona, California, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, Texas, & Wisconsin			2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024
Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, & Virginia			2022, 2023, and 2024

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Dec. 31, 2025
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Other Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Other Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Expenses
Consulting and outside services	$ 21,083	$ 22,890	$ 16,947
Debit card expenses	16,805	14,642	12,189
Mergers and acquisition expenses	16,595	9,916	1,300
Loan expenses	9,145	8,409	8,135
Variable interest entities amortization and other expenses	6,086	7,381	7,333
Employee expenses	7,813	6,391	6,227
Telephone	6,032	5,988	6,109
Business development	6,245	5,805	5,630
Checking and operating expenses	4,132	5,044	2,781
Postage	5,357	4,939	4,300
Printing and supplies	3,415	3,334	3,130
Accounting and audit fees	2,235	2,082	1,956
Legal fees	2,133	1,845	1,490
Loss (gain) on dispositions of premises and equipment	224	(5,100)	160
Other	13,200	10,754	9,301
Total other expenses	$ 120,500	$ 104,320	$ 86,988

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

The Company leases certain land, premises and equipment from third parties. The following table summarizes the Company’s leases:


	December 31, 2025					December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Finance Leases			Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Operating Leases
ROU assets	$	42,353				31,022
Accumulated depreciation	(15,332)					(11,056)
Net ROU assets	$	27,021		48,553		19,966		36,286
Lease liabilities	$	28,808		52,869		21,279		39,902
Weighted-average remaining lease term	9 years			13 years		11 years		15 years
Weighted-average discount rate	3.9		%	3.9	%	3.6	%	3.7	%

Maturities of lease liabilities consist of the following:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Finance Leases		Operating Leases
Maturing within one year	$	5,597	7,848
Maturing one year through two years	5,598		7,692
Maturing two years through three years	5,608		6,464
Maturing three years through four years	5,616		5,562
Maturing four years through five years	1,701		4,927
Thereafter	10,010		36,945
Total lease payments	34,130		69,438
Present value of lease payments
Short-term	4,591		5,931
Long-term	24,217		46,938
Total present value of lease payments	28,808		52,869
Difference between lease payments and present value of lease payments	$	5,322	16,569

The components of lease expense included in other expense on the consolidated statements of operations consist of the following:


	Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)		December 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets		4,539	4,364
Interest on lease liabilities		1,094	844
Operating lease cost		7,110	5,204
Short-term lease cost		599	481
Variable lease cost		2,394	1,706
Sublease income		(89)	(44)
Total lease expense		15,647	12,555

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

Year ended

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

(Dollars in thousands)

Finance
Leases

Operating
Leases

Finance
Leases

Operating
Leases

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities

Operating cash flows

1,094

5,756

844

3,418

Financing cash flows

4,050

N/A

3,852

N/A

______________________________

N/A - Not applicable

The Company also leases office space to third parties through operating leases. Rent income from these leases for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1,849,000 and $1,592,000, respectively, and is recorded in other income within non-interest income.

Leases

The Company leases certain land, premises and equipment from third parties. The following table summarizes the Company’s leases:


	December 31, 2025					December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Finance Leases			Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Operating Leases
ROU assets	$	42,353				31,022
Accumulated depreciation	(15,332)					(11,056)
Net ROU assets	$	27,021		48,553		19,966		36,286
Lease liabilities	$	28,808		52,869		21,279		39,902
Weighted-average remaining lease term	9 years			13 years		11 years		15 years
Weighted-average discount rate	3.9		%	3.9	%	3.6	%	3.7	%

Maturities of lease liabilities consist of the following:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Finance Leases		Operating Leases
Maturing within one year	$	5,597	7,848
Maturing one year through two years	5,598		7,692
Maturing two years through three years	5,608		6,464
Maturing three years through four years	5,616		5,562
Maturing four years through five years	1,701		4,927
Thereafter	10,010		36,945
Total lease payments	34,130		69,438
Present value of lease payments
Short-term	4,591		5,931
Long-term	24,217		46,938
Total present value of lease payments	28,808		52,869
Difference between lease payments and present value of lease payments	$	5,322	16,569

The components of lease expense included in other expense on the consolidated statements of operations consist of the following:


	Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)		December 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets		4,539	4,364
Interest on lease liabilities		1,094	844
Operating lease cost		7,110	5,204
Short-term lease cost		599	481
Variable lease cost		2,394	1,706
Sublease income		(89)	(44)
Total lease expense		15,647	12,555

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

Year ended

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

(Dollars in thousands)

Finance
Leases

Operating
Leases

Finance
Leases

Operating
Leases

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities

Operating cash flows

1,094

5,756

844

3,418

Financing cash flows

4,050

N/A

3,852

N/A

______________________________

N/A - Not applicable

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Provision for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Provision for credit losses	$ 61,846	$ 27,179	$ 20,790
Provision for credit loss unfunded	9,554	1,127	(5,995)
Total provision for credit losses	$ 71,400	$ 28,306	$ 14,795

Deposits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Deposits [Abstract]

Scheduled maturities of time deposits

The scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows and includes $0 of wholesale deposits as of December 31, 2025:


(Dollars in thousands)	Amount
Years ending December 31,
2026	$	3,720,798
2027	110,488
2028	31,641
2029	15,129
2030	50,144
Thereafter	350
	$	3,928,550

Loans Receivable, Net - Loans Modified (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 14,817	$ 55,032
Term Extension and Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	13,671	25,714
Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	1,146	29,318
Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	853
Residential Real Estate \| Term Extension and Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 406
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0.00%
Residential Real Estate \| Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 447
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0.00%
Residential Real Estate \| Contractual Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction	0.15%
Residential Real Estate \| Extended Maturity
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Weighted Average Term Extension	1 year 1 month 6 days
Residential Real Estate \| Principal Forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Principal Forgiveness	$ 0
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	3,310	40,843
Commercial Real Estate \| Term Extension and Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 2,661	$ 11,993
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0.00%	0.10%
Commercial Real Estate \| Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 649	$ 28,850
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0.00%	0.30%
Commercial Real Estate \| Contractual Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction	2.53%	1.91%
Commercial Real Estate \| Extended Maturity
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Weighted Average Term Extension	10 months	3 months
Commercial Real Estate \| Principal Forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Principal Forgiveness	$ 0	$ 0
Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	10,654	14,189
Other Commercial \| Term Extension and Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 10,604	$ 13,721
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0.30%	0.40%
Other Commercial \| Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 50	$ 468
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0.00%	0.00%
Other Commercial \| Contractual Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction	1.47%	0.10%
Other Commercial \| Extended Maturity
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Weighted Average Term Extension	9 months	5 months
Other Commercial \| Principal Forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Principal Forgiveness	$ 0	$ 0

Federal and State Income Taxes - Taxes Paid (Net of Refunds) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Paid, by Individual Jurisdiction [Line Items]
Federal	$ 18,036
Total taxes paid	32,160	$ 15,604	$ 27,932
Montana
Income Tax Paid, by Individual Jurisdiction [Line Items]
State and local	7,748
Idaho
Income Tax Paid, by Individual Jurisdiction [Line Items]
State and local	2,060
Utah
Income Tax Paid, by Individual Jurisdiction [Line Items]
State and local	1,960
All other states
Income Tax Paid, by Individual Jurisdiction [Line Items]
State and local	$ 2,356

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred shares, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred shares, authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred shares, issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred shares, outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	234,000,000	234,000,000

Deposits - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Deposits
FDIC Insurance limit	$ 250,000	$ 250,000
Time deposits that meet or exceed FDIC Insurance limit	1,615,554,000	1,266,371,000
Whole sale deposits	0
Overdraft demand deposits reclassified as loans	11,393,000	11,694,000
Deposits with related parties	$ 35,948,000	$ 30,403,000

Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Finance Leases, Operating cash flows	$ 1,094	$ 844
Finance Leases, Financing cash flows	4,050	3,852	$ 3,588
Operating Leases, Operating cash flows	$ 5,756	$ 3,418

Debt Securities - Amortized Cost, Gross Unrealized Gains and Losses and Fair Value of Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	$ 4,233,690	$ 4,656,310
Gross Unrealized Gains	3,763	227
Gross Unrealized Losses	(229,941)	(411,332)
Fair Value	4,007,512	4,245,205
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	3,110,216	3,294,847
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,565	810
Gross Unrealized Losses	(231,665)	(327,087)
Fair Value	2,880,116	2,968,570
Total debt securities
Amortized Cost	7,343,906	7,951,157
Gross Unrealized Gains	5,328	1,037
Gross Unrealized Losses	(461,606)	(738,419)
Fair Value	6,887,628	7,213,775
U.S. government and federal agency
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	257,758	484,082
Gross Unrealized Gains	156	5
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,984)	(15,654)
Fair Value	255,930	468,433
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	865,696	859,432
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(24,129)	(54,496)
Fair Value	841,567	804,936
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	315,675	323,854
Gross Unrealized Gains	86	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(3,273)	(13,700)
Fair Value	312,488	310,154
State and local governments
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	165,305	71,737
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,035	215
Gross Unrealized Losses	(2,256)	(3,272)
Fair Value	164,084	68,680
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	1,587,673	1,619,850
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,341	810
Gross Unrealized Losses	(175,623)	(209,502)
Fair Value	1,413,391	1,411,158
Corporate bonds
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	33,691	14,818
Gross Unrealized Gains	279	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(21)	(315)
Fair Value	33,949	14,503
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	2,391,698	2,660,330
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,417	5
Gross Unrealized Losses	(177,996)	(304,819)
Fair Value	2,215,119	2,355,516
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	656,847	815,565
Gross Unrealized Gains	224	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(31,913)	(63,089)
Fair Value	625,158	752,476
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	1,069,563	1,101,489
Gross Unrealized Gains	790	2
Gross Unrealized Losses	(44,411)	(73,572)
Fair Value	$ 1,025,942	$ 1,027,919

Leases - Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Finance Lease, Liability [Abstract]
Finance Leases, ROU assets	$ 42,353	$ 31,022
Accumulated depreciation	(15,332)	(11,056)
Finance Leases, Net ROU assets	$ 27,021	$ 19,966
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Right-of-use assets, net	Right-of-use assets, net
Lease liabilities location	Finance lease liabilities	Finance lease liabilities
Finance lease liabilities	$ 28,808	$ 21,279
Operating Leases
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Right-of-use assets, net	Right-of-use assets, net
Right-of-use assets, net	$ 48,553	$ 36,286
Lease liabilities location	Operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	$ 52,869	$ 39,902
Finance Leases, Weighted-average remaining lease term	9 years	11 years
Finance Leases, Weighted-average discount rate	3.90%	3.60%
Operating Leases, Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	13 years	15 years
Operating Leases, Weighted-average discount rate	3.90%	3.70%

Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Carrying amounts of consolidated VIEs' assets and liabilities


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Loans receivable	$	95,701	123,064

Other assets	91,461		79,858
Total assets	$	187,162	202,922
Liabilities
Other borrowed funds	$	51,474	62,062
Accrued interest payable	418		270
Other liabilities	31,852		27,577
Total liabilities	$	83,744	89,909

Future unfunded contingent commitments

Future unfunded contingent equity commitments related to the Company’s LIHTC investments at December 31, 2025 are as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Amount
Years ending December 31,
2026	$	53,488
2027	22,204
2028	1,288
2029	652
2030	559
Thereafter	2,118
Total	$	80,309

The Company had the following outstanding commitments:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024

Unused lines of credit	$	5,077,570	4,190,238
Letters of credit	107,054		97,830
Total outstanding commitments	$	5,184,624	4,288,068

Amortization expense and tax credits and other tax benefits recognized for qualified affordable housing project investments

The following table summarizes the amortization expense and the amount of tax credits and other tax benefits recognized for qualified affordable housing project investments during the periods presented.


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Amortization expense	$	24,038	19,076	15,178
Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized	30,851		25,405	19,908

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

+ References + Details

Stock-based Compensation Plan - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	2,365
Acquisitions (in shares) \| shares	321,027
Exercised (in shares) \| shares	(37,934)
Ending balance (in shares) \| shares	285,458
Exercisable (in shares) \| shares	285,458
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 21.35
Acquisitions (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	39.52
Exercised (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	27.90
Ending balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	29.05
Exercisable (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 29.05

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of leases

The Company leases certain land, premises and equipment from third parties. The following table summarizes the Company’s leases:


	December 31, 2025					December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Finance Leases			Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Operating Leases
ROU assets	$	42,353				31,022
Accumulated depreciation	(15,332)					(11,056)
Net ROU assets	$	27,021		48,553		19,966		36,286
Lease liabilities	$	28,808		52,869		21,279		39,902
Weighted-average remaining lease term	9 years			13 years		11 years		15 years
Weighted-average discount rate	3.9		%	3.9	%	3.6	%	3.7	%

Operating lease liability maturity

Maturities of lease liabilities consist of the following:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Finance Leases		Operating Leases
Maturing within one year	$	5,597	7,848
Maturing one year through two years	5,598		7,692
Maturing two years through three years	5,608		6,464
Maturing three years through four years	5,616		5,562
Maturing four years through five years	1,701		4,927
Thereafter	10,010		36,945
Total lease payments	34,130		69,438
Present value of lease payments
Short-term	4,591		5,931
Long-term	24,217		46,938
Total present value of lease payments	28,808		52,869
Difference between lease payments and present value of lease payments	$	5,322	16,569

Finance lease liability maturity

Maturities of lease liabilities consist of the following:


	December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Finance Leases		Operating Leases
Maturing within one year	$	5,597	7,848
Maturing one year through two years	5,598		7,692
Maturing two years through three years	5,608		6,464
Maturing three years through four years	5,616		5,562
Maturing four years through five years	1,701		4,927
Thereafter	10,010		36,945
Total lease payments	34,130		69,438
Present value of lease payments
Short-term	4,591		5,931
Long-term	24,217		46,938
Total present value of lease payments	28,808		52,869
Difference between lease payments and present value of lease payments	$	5,322	16,569

Components of lease expense and supplemental cash flow information

The components of lease expense included in other expense on the consolidated statements of operations consist of the following:


	Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)		December 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets		4,539	4,364
Interest on lease liabilities		1,094	844
Operating lease cost		7,110	5,204
Short-term lease cost		599	481
Variable lease cost		2,394	1,706
Sublease income		(89)	(44)
Total lease expense		15,647	12,555

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

Year ended

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

(Dollars in thousands)

Finance
Leases

Operating
Leases

Finance
Leases

Operating
Leases

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities

Operating cash flows

1,094

5,756

844

3,418

Financing cash flows

4,050

N/A

3,852

N/A

______________________________

N/A - Not applicable

Other Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Other Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of other expenses

Other expenses consists of the following:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Consulting and outside services	$	21,083	22,890	16,947
Debit card expenses	16,805		14,642	12,189
Mergers and acquisition expenses	16,595		9,916	1,300
Loan expenses	9,145		8,409	8,135
Employee expenses	7,813		6,391	6,227
Business development	6,245		5,805	5,630
Variable interest entities amortization and other expenses	6,086		7,381	7,333
Telephone	6,032		5,988	6,109
Postage	5,357		4,939	4,300
Checking and operating expenses	4,132		5,044	2,781
Printing and supplies	3,415		3,334	3,130
Accounting and audit fees	2,235		2,082	1,956
Legal fees	2,133		1,845	1,490
Loss (gain) on dispositions of premises and equipment	224		(5,100)	160
Other	13,200		10,754	9,301
Total other expenses	$	120,500	104,320	86,988

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Financing receivable, allowance for credit loss

The following table presents the provision for credit losses on the loan portfolio and off-balance sheet exposures:


	Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Provision for credit loss loans	$	61,846	27,179	20,790
Provision for credit loss unfunded	9,554		1,127	(5,995)
Total provision for credit losses	$	71,400	28,306	14,795

The following tables summarize the activity in the ACL:


	Year ended December 31, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Balance at beginning of period	$	206,041	25,181	138,545	24,400	11,402	6,513
Acquisitions	154		6	16	15	—	117
Provision for credit losses	61,846		6,415	30,069	17,107	271	7,984
Charge-offs	(18,682)		(1)	(2,294)	(6,258)	(106)	(10,023)
Recoveries	5,960		274	467	2,690	78	2,451
Balance at end of period	$	255,319	31,875	166,803	37,954	11,645	7,042


	Year ended December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Balance at beginning of period	$	192,757	22,325	130,924	21,194	11,766	6,548

Acquisitions	3		—	3	—	—	—
Provision for credit losses	27,179		2,862	10,446	7,162	(369)	7,078
Charge-offs	(18,626)		(40)	(2,896)	(5,778)	(131)	(9,781)
Recoveries	4,728		34	68	1,822	136	2,668
Balance at end of period	$	206,041	25,181	138,545	24,400	11,402	6,513


	Year ended December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Balance at beginning of period	$	182,283	19,683	125,816	21,454	10,759	4,571


Provision for credit losses	20,790		2,645	6,748	1,996	969	8,432
Charge-offs	(15,095)		(20)	(2,080)	(3,891)	(129)	(8,975)
Recoveries	4,779		17	440	1,635	167	2,520
Balance at end of period	$	192,757	22,325	130,924	21,194	11,766	6,548

Loan Servicing (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Loan Servicing (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Servicing Asset at Amortized Cost, Balance [Roll Forward]
Carrying value at beginning of period	$ 11,779	$ 11,958	$ 12,534	$ 13,488
Additions	1,268	811	434
Amortization	(1,447)	(1,387)	(1,388)
Carrying value at end of period	11,779	11,958	12,534
Principal balances of loans serviced for others	1,470,673	1,507,439	1,570,834
Fair value of servicing rights	$ 16,489	$ 17,902	$ 18,000

- Definition

Fair value of an asset representing net future revenue from contractually specified servicing fees, late charges, and other ancillary revenues, in excess of future costs related to servicing arrangements.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 11
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-11

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 11
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-11

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-10

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481229/860-50-50-3

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481260/860-50-45-2

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481260/860-50-45-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481260/860-50-45-2

+ Details

Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed by including the net increase in shares as if dilutive outstanding restricted stock units were vested and stock options were exercised, using the treasury stock method.

Basic and diluted earnings per share has been computed based on the following:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Net income available to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	239,028	190,144	222,927
Average outstanding shares - basic	119,753,227		113,170,157	110,864,501
Add: dilutive restricted stock units and stock options	181,829		73,270	25,946
Average outstanding shares - diluted	119,935,056		113,243,427	110,890,447
Basic earnings per share	$	2.00	1.68	2.01
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.99	1.68	2.01
Restricted stock units and stock options excluded from the diluted average outstanding share calculation 1	3,666		461	223,626

______________________________

1 Anti-dilution occurs when the unrecognized compensation cost per share of a restricted stock unit or the exercise price of a stock option exceeds the market price of the Company’s stock.

Mergers & Acquisitions - Narrative (Details)					3 Months Ended	5 Months Ended	8 Months Ended	11 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Mergers & Acquisitions - Narrative (Details)	Oct. 01, 2025 USD ($) shares	Apr. 30, 2025 USD ($) shares	Jul. 19, 2024 USD ($) branch	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($) bank_division	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($) bank_division	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($) bank_division	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Business Combination
Number of bank divisions \| bank_division					18		18		18
Goodwill, expected tax deductible amount	$ 0
Bank of Idaho
Business Combination
Percentage of outstanding common stock acquired		100.00%
Number of bank divisions \| bank_division					3		3		3
Fair value of consideration transferred		$ 204,988,000
Number of shares issued for acquisition (in shares) \| shares		5,029,102
Cash paid for acquisition		$ 2,000
Loans acquired		1,075,197,000
Loans receivable acquired, gross principal and contractual interest due	$ 2,110,493,000	1,080,765,000
PCD loans acquired		8,726,000
PCD loans acquired, allowance for credit loss		35,000
Net interest income and non-interest income							$ 39,104,000
Net income							$ (6,907,000)
Deposits acquired		1,078,377,000
Cash received from acquisition		$ 26,127,000
Guaranty Bancshares, Inc
Business Combination
Percentage of outstanding common stock acquired	100.00%
Fair value of consideration transferred	$ 559,978,000
Number of shares issued for acquisition (in shares) \| shares	11,375,648
Cash paid for acquisition	$ 1,000
Loans acquired	2,102,258,000
PCD loans acquired	17,772,000
PCD loans acquired, allowance for credit loss	119,000
Acquisition related costs									$ 5,993,000
Net interest income and non-interest income					$ 30,379,000
Net income					$ (14,455,000)
Deposits acquired	2,706,741,000
Cash received from acquisition	$ 178,885,000
Wheatland
Business Combination
Percentage of outstanding common stock acquired				100.00%
Fair value of consideration transferred				$ 93,156,000
Number of shares issued for acquisition (in shares) \| shares				2,389,684
Cash paid for acquisition				$ 771,000
Loans acquired				452,737,000
Loans receivable acquired, gross principal and contractual interest due				468,882,000
PCD loans acquired				1,655,000
PCD loans acquired, allowance for credit loss				3,000
Acquisition related costs									$ 10,311,000	$ 7,722,000
Net interest income and non-interest income								$ 30,402,000
Net income								$ (6,205,000)
Deposits acquired				616,955,000
Cash received from acquisition				$ 31,674,000
Rocky Mountain Bank
Business Combination
Fair value of consideration transferred			$ 25,238,000
Cash paid for acquisition			25,238,000
Loans acquired			271,569,000
Loans receivable acquired, gross principal and contractual interest due			288,920,000
PCD loans acquired			$ 0
Acquisition related costs										$ 1,889,000
Net interest income and non-interest income						$ 6,740,000
Net income						$ 831,000
Number of branch locations acquired \| branch			6
Deposits acquired			$ 396,690,000
Cash received from acquisition			$ 102,019,000

Notes Receivable, Net - Credit Quality Indicators for RRE and Consumer Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Gross Charge-Offs
Total	$ 18,682	$ 18,626	$ 15,095
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Total	20,927,796	17,261,849
Performing
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Total	20,780,486	17,202,999
Residential Real Estate
Gross Charge-Offs
Gross Charge-Offs, originated current fiscal year	0	40
Gross Charge-Offs, originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	1	0
Gross Charge-Offs, originated two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Gross Charge-Offs, originated three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Gross Charge-Offs, originated four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Prior	0	0
Revolving loans	0
Total	1	40	20
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	283,293	211,519
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	283,422	267,000
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	297,393	655,918
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	727,941	455,196
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	502,487	90,752
Prior	312,772	178,544
Revolving loans	50,599
Total	2,457,907	1,858,929
Residential Real Estate \| Performing
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	283,293	210,806
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	278,922	264,817
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	293,384	652,993
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	718,191	452,628
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	499,821	90,649
Prior	297,067	173,003
Revolving loans	50,365
Total	2,421,043	1,844,896
Residential Real Estate \| 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	0	0
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	2,232	1,407
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	1,184	2,566
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	6,831	959
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	1,366	0
Prior	8,968	667
Revolving loans	234
Total	20,815	5,599
Residential Real Estate \| Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	0	713
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	2,268	776
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	2,825	359
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	2,919	1,609
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	1,300	103
Prior	6,737	4,874
Revolving loans	0
Total	16,049	8,434
Home Equity
Gross Charge-Offs
Gross Charge-Offs, originated current fiscal year	0	0
Gross Charge-Offs, originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	17
Gross Charge-Offs, originated two years before current fiscal year	0	8
Gross Charge-Offs, originated three years before current fiscal year	31	0
Gross Charge-Offs, originated four years before current fiscal year	65	0
Prior	10	106
Revolving loans	0	0
Total	106	131	129
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	474	219
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	2,397	1,072
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	1,457	1,858
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	2,113	780
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	3,792	78
Prior	3,381	4,353
Revolving loans	963,592	922,634
Total	977,206	930,994
Home Equity \| Performing
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	474	219
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	2,397	1,045
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	1,033	1,858
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	2,054	780
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	3,792	78
Prior	3,321	4,264
Revolving loans	954,888	915,614
Total	967,959	923,858
Home Equity \| 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	0	0
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	400	0
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	0	0
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Prior	19	4
Revolving loans	5,097	3,660
Total	5,516	3,664
Home Equity \| Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	0	0
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	27
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	24	0
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	59	0
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Prior	41	85
Revolving loans	3,607	3,360
Total	3,731	3,472
Other Consumer
Gross Charge-Offs
Gross Charge-Offs, originated current fiscal year	8,238	8,456
Gross Charge-Offs, originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	240	431
Gross Charge-Offs, originated two years before current fiscal year	413	467
Gross Charge-Offs, originated three years before current fiscal year	751	238
Gross Charge-Offs, originated four years before current fiscal year	146	34
Prior	235	155
Revolving loans	0	0
Total	10,023	9,781	$ 8,975
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	143,910	116,312
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	83,178	89,684
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	68,406	64,808
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	39,801	36,755
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	25,329	18,648
Prior	29,233	20,014
Revolving loans	39,485	42,457
Total	429,342	388,678
Other Consumer \| Performing
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	140,869	114,164
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	82,551	89,218
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	67,016	63,843
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	39,126	36,233
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	25,018	18,601
Prior	28,982	19,738
Revolving loans	39,043	42,039
Total	422,605	383,836
Other Consumer \| 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	3,025	2,139
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	470	262
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	1,027	665
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	441	261
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	166	41
Prior	67	103
Revolving loans	359	409
Total	5,555	3,880
Other Consumer \| Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Term loans originated fiscal year current fiscal year	16	9
Term loans originated fiscal year before current fiscal year	157	204
Term loans originated fiscal year two years before current fiscal year	363	300
Term loans originated fiscal year three before current fiscal year	234	261
Term loans originated fiscal year four years before current fiscal year	145	6
Prior	184	173
Revolving loans	83	9
Total	$ 1,182	$ 962

Leases - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Finance Leases
Maturing within one year	$ 5,597
Maturing one year through two years	5,598
Maturing two years through three years	5,608
Maturing three years through four years	5,616
Maturing four years through five years	1,701
Thereafter	10,010
Total lease payments	34,130
Present value of lease payments
Short-term	4,591
Long-term	24,217
Total present value of lease payments	28,808	$ 21,279
Difference between lease payments and present value of lease payments	5,322
Operating Leases
Maturing within one year	7,848
Maturing one year through two years	7,692
Maturing two years through three years	6,464
Maturing three years through four years	5,562
Maturing four years through five years	4,927
Thereafter	36,945
Total lease payments	69,438
Present value of lease payments
Short-term	5,931
Long-term	46,938
Total present value of lease payments	52,869	$ 39,902
Difference between lease payments and present value of lease payments	$ 16,569

Debt Securities - Maturity Schedule (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost
Due within one year	$ 465,404
Due after one year through five years	169,457
Due after five years through ten years	81,558
Due after ten years	56,010
Total before mortgage-backed securities	772,429
Mortgage-backed securities	3,461,261
Amortized Cost	4,233,690	$ 4,656,310
Available-for-Sale, Fair Value
Due within one year	462,434
Due after one year through five years	167,634
Due after five years through ten years	81,003
Due after ten years	55,380
Total before mortgage-backed securities	766,451
Mortgage-backed securities	3,241,061
Fair Value	4,007,512	4,245,205
Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost
Due within one year	297,756
Due after one year through five years	684,897
Due after five years through ten years	274,562
Due after ten years	1,196,154
Total before mortgage-backed securities	2,453,369
Mortgage-backed securities	656,847
Amortized Cost	3,110,216	3,294,847
Held-to-Maturity, Fair Value
Due within one year	293,095
Due after one year through five years	664,079
Due after five years through ten years	263,672
Due after ten years	1,034,112
Total before mortgage-backed securities	2,254,958
Mortgage-backed securities	625,158
Fair Value	$ 2,880,116	$ 2,968,570

Other Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Other Expenses [Abstract]

Other Expenses

Other expenses consists of the following:


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Consulting and outside services	$	21,083	22,890	16,947
Debit card expenses	16,805		14,642	12,189
Mergers and acquisition expenses	16,595		9,916	1,300
Loan expenses	9,145		8,409	8,135
Employee expenses	7,813		6,391	6,227
Business development	6,245		5,805	5,630
Variable interest entities amortization and other expenses	6,086		7,381	7,333
Telephone	6,032		5,988	6,109
Postage	5,357		4,939	4,300
Checking and operating expenses	4,132		5,044	2,781
Printing and supplies	3,415		3,334	3,130
Accounting and audit fees	2,235		2,082	1,956
Legal fees	2,133		1,845	1,490
Loss (gain) on dispositions of premises and equipment	224		(5,100)	160
Other	13,200		10,754	9,301
Total other expenses	$	120,500	104,320	86,988

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income	$ 239,028	$ 190,144	$ 222,927
Available-For-Sale and Transferred Securities:
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities	184,928	86,485	125,231
Reclassification adjustment for (losses) gains included in net income	0	(56)	31
Reclassification adjustment for securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity	5,595	4,754	5,612
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Available-for-Sale Securities, Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	47,770	23,291	34,264
Net of tax amount	142,753	67,892	96,610
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss),Fair Value Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification and Tax [Abstract]
Unrealized losses on derivatives used for fair value hedges	(35)	0	0
Tax effect	8	0	0
Net of tax amount	(27)	0	0
Cash Flow Hedge:
Unrealized (losses) gains on derivatives used for cash flow hedges	(656)	777	2,006
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income	(63)	(4,879)	(4,605)
Net of tax amount	179	1,027	668
Tax effect	(540)	(3,075)	(1,931)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	142,186	64,817	94,679
Total Comprehensive Income	$ 381,214	$ 254,961	$ 317,606

Variable Interest Entities - Future Unfunded Contingent Commitments (Details) - Qualified Affordable Housing Project Investments $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025 USD ($)
Outstanding Commitments
2026	$ 53,488
2027	22,204
2028	1,288
2029	652
2030	559
Thereafter	2,118
Total	$ 80,309

Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed) - Condensed Statements of Financial Condition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Cash on hand and in banks	$ 321,526	$ 268,746
Interest bearing cash deposits	913,735	579,662
Cash and cash equivalents	1,235,261	848,408
Other assets	368,407	326,040
Total assets	31,978,063	27,902,987
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Dividends payable	372	388	$ 370
Subordinated debentures	187,492	133,105
Other liabilities	295,605	264,690
Total liabilities	27,764,242	24,679,133
Common stock	1,300	1,134
Paid-in capital	3,220,064	2,448,758
Retained earnings	1,159,567	1,083,258
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(167,110)	(309,296)
Total stockholders’ equity	4,213,821	3,223,854	$ 3,020,281	$ 2,843,305
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	31,978,063	27,902,987
Parent Company
Assets
Cash on hand and in banks	3,706	11,099
Interest bearing cash deposits	186,759	162,208
Cash and cash equivalents	190,465	173,307
Other assets	22,404	16,871
Investment in subsidiaries	4,199,764	3,177,785
Total assets	4,412,633	3,367,963
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Dividends payable	596	613
Subordinated debentures	187,492	133,105
Other liabilities	10,724	10,391
Total liabilities	198,812	144,109
Common stock	1,300	1,134
Paid-in capital	3,220,064	2,448,758
Retained earnings	1,159,567	1,083,258
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(167,110)	(309,296)
Total stockholders’ equity	4,213,821	3,223,854
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 4,412,633	$ 3,367,963

Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Condensed statements of financial condition

The following condensed financial information was the unconsolidated information for the parent holding company:

Condensed Statements of Financial Condition


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Cash on hand and in banks	$	3,706	11,099
Interest bearing cash deposits	186,759		162,208
Cash and cash equivalents	190,465		173,307
Other assets	22,404		16,871
Investment in subsidiaries	4,199,764		3,177,785
Total assets	$	4,412,633	3,367,963
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Dividends payable	$	596	613
Subordinated debentures	187,492		133,105
Other liabilities	10,724		10,391
Total liabilities	198,812		144,109
Common stock	1,300		1,134
Paid-in capital	3,220,064		2,448,758
Retained earnings	1,159,567		1,083,258
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(167,110)		(309,296)
Total stockholders’ equity	4,213,821		3,223,854
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	4,412,633	3,367,963

Condensed statements of operations and comprehensive income

Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Income
Dividends from subsidiaries	$	205,000	235,000	175,000
Intercompany charges for services	3,469		3,251	2,271
Other income	3,847		3,032	1,444
Total income	212,316		241,283	178,715
Expenses
Compensation and employee benefits	9,264		8,142	6,552
Other operating expenses	24,383		13,536	11,167
Total expenses	33,647		21,678	17,719
Income before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries	178,669		219,605	160,996
Income tax benefit	3,941		3,177	3,096
Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries	182,610		222,782	164,092
Equity in undistributed (distributed) net income of subsidiaries	56,418		(32,638)	58,835
Net Income	$	239,028	190,144	222,927
Comprehensive Income	$	381,214	254,961	317,606

Condensed statements of cash flows

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows


	Years ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Operating Activities
Net income	$	239,028	190,144	222,927
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Subsidiary income (in excess of) less than dividends distributed	(56,418)		32,638	(58,835)


Stock-based compensation, net of tax benefits	2,149		1,762	1,742
Net change in other assets and other liabilities	124		200	7,788
Net cash provided by operating activities	184,883		224,744	173,622
Investing Activities



Net additions of premises and equipment	(120)		(5)	(3)
Proceeds from sale of marketable equity securities	183		107	—

Equity contributed to subsidiaries	6,516		(698)	—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	6,579		(596)	(3)
Financing Activities
Net decrease in other borrowed funds	(10,000)		—	—
Cash dividends paid	(162,736)		(150,034)	(146,690)
Tax withholding payments for stock-based compensation	(2,627)		(1,738)	(1,870)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	1,059		113	75
Net cash (used in) financing activities	(174,304)		(151,659)	(148,485)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents	17,158		72,489	25,134
Cash, cash equivalents at beginning of period	173,307		100,818	75,684
Cash, cash equivalents at end of period	$	190,465	173,307	100,818

Mergers & Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Business Combination [Abstract]

Mergers & Acquisitions

The Company has completed the following acquisitions determined to be business combinations during the last two years:

•Guaranty Bancshares, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Guaranty Bank & Trust, N.A.

•Bank of Idaho Holding Co. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bank of Idaho

•Community Financial Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Wheatland Bank

•Rocky Mountain Bank branches from HTLF Bank

The assets and liabilities of Guaranty, BOID, Wheatland and RMB were recorded on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition at their estimated fair values as of the respective acquisition dates and the results of operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations since those dates. In many cases, the determination of these fair values require management to make estimates about discount rates, future expected cash flows, market conditions and other future events that are subjective in nature and subject to change, and actual results could differ materially.

The following table discloses the fair value estimates, preliminary for current year acquisitions, of the consideration transferred, the total identifiable net assets acquired and the resulting goodwill arising from the acquisitions.


(Dollars in thousands)	Guaranty October 1, 2025		BOID April 30, 2025	RMB Branches July 19, 2024	Wheatland January 31, 2024
Fair value of consideration transferred
Fair value of Company shares issued	$	559,977	204,986	—	92,385
Cash consideration or deposit premium paid	1		2	25,238	771

Total fair value of consideration transferred	559,978		204,988	25,238	93,156
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Identifiable assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	178,885		26,127	102,019	31,674
Debt securities	607,276		139,974	—	187,183
Loans receivable, net of ACL	2,102,258		1,075,197	271,569	452,737
Core deposit intangible 1	47,813		19,758	11,808	16,936
Accrued income and other assets	162,184		34,284	15,114	51,029
Total identifiable assets acquired	3,098,416		1,295,340	400,510	739,559
Liabilities assumed
Deposits	2,706,741		1,078,377	396,690	616,955
Borrowings	60,466		71,932	4,305	58,500
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	29,451		8,788	2,057	9,094
Total liabilities assumed	2,796,658		1,159,097	403,052	684,549
Total identifiable net assets (liabilities)	301,758		136,243	(2,542)	55,010
Goodwill recognized	$	258,220	68,745	27,780	38,146

______________________________

1 The core deposit intangible for each of the acquisitions were determined to have an estimated life of 10 years.

2025 Acquisitions

On April 30, 2025, the Company acquired 100 percent of the outstanding common stock of Bank of Idaho Holding Co. (“BOID”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bank of Idaho (“BOI”), a community bank based in Idaho Falls, Idaho. BOI provides banking services to individuals and businesses throughout Idaho and Eastern Washington. Upon the core system conversion in the third quarter of 2025, the BOID operations joined three existing Bank divisions. The preliminary value of the BOI acquisition was $204,988,000 and as part of the transaction, the Company issued 5,029,102 shares of its common stock and paid $2,000 in cash in exchange for all of BOID’s outstanding shares of common stock and options to purchase common stock. The fair value of the Company shares issued was determined on the basis of the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the April 30, 2025 acquisition date. The excess of the preliminary fair value of consideration transferred over total identifiable net assets was recorded as goodwill.

On October 1, 2025, the Company acquired 100 percent of the outstanding common stock of Guaranty Bancshares, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Guaranty Bank & Trust, N.A. (collectively “Guaranty”), a community bank based in Mount Pleasant, Texas. The acquisition established the Company’s presence in the state of Texas and sets the stage for future growth. The former branches of Guaranty will operate as a new division of the Bank under the Name “Guaranty Bank & Trust, division of Glacier Bank.” The preliminary value for the Guaranty acquisition was $559,978,000, and as part of the transaction, the Company issued 11,375,648 shares and paid $1,000 in cash in exchange for all of Guaranty’s outstanding shares of common stock and options to purchase common stock. The fair value of the Company shares issued was determined on the basis of the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the October 1, 2025 acquisition date. The excess of the preliminary fair value of consideration transferred over total identifiable net assets was recorded as goodwill.

The goodwill arising from the acquisitions consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Company with the former operations of BOID and Guaranty, respectively. None of the goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes as the acquisitions were accounted for as tax-free exchanges.

The preliminary fair values of the BOID and Guaranty assets acquired include loans with fair values of $1,075,197,000 and $2,102,258,000, respectively. The gross principal and contractual interest due under the BOID and Guaranty loans acquired were $1,080,765,000 and $2,110,493,000, respectively. The Company evaluated the loans at acquisition date and determined there were PCD loans from BOID and Guaranty of $8,726,000 and $17,772,000, with an ACL of $35,000 and $119,000, respectively. \

The Company incurred $10,311,000 and $5,993,000 of expenses in connection with the BOID and Guaranty acquisitions, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2025. Mergers and acquisition expenses are included in other expense in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and consist of third-party costs and employee severance expenses.

Total income consisting of net interest income and non-interest income of the acquired operations of BOID was approximately $39,104,000 and net loss was approximately $6,907,000 from April 30, 2025 to December 31, 2025. Total income consisting of net interest income and non-interest income of the acquired operations of Guaranty was approximately $30,379,000 and net loss was approximately $14,455,000 from October 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025. The following unaudited pro forma summary presents consolidated information of the Company as if the BOID and Guaranty acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2024:


	Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)		December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Net interest income and non-interest income		$	1,149,736	1,008,933
Net income		257,399		235,311

2024 Acquisitions

On January 31, 2024, the Company acquired 100 percent of the outstanding common stock of Community Financial Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Wheatland Bank (“Wheatland”), a community bank based in Spokane, Washington. Wheatland provides banking services to individuals and businesses in Washington with locations in Chelan, Wenatchee, Ellensburg, Yakima, Quincy, Moses Lake, Pasco, Odessa, Davenport, Ritzville, and Spokane. Wheatland merged into the Bank and became a new bank division headquartered in Spokane and the Bank’s existing Washington-based division, North Cascades Bank, combined with the new Wheatland division. The value of the Wheatland acquisition was $93,156,000 and as part of the transaction, the Company issued 2,389,684 shares of its common stock and paid $771,000 in cash in exchange for all of Wheatland’s outstanding shares of common stock and options to purchase common stock. The fair value of the Company shares issued was determined on the basis of the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the January 31, 2024 acquisition date. The excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over total identifiable net assets was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Bank and Wheatland. None of the goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes as the acquisition was accounted for as a tax-free exchange.

On July 19, 2024, the Bank completed its acquisition of six Montana branch banking offices of Rocky Mountain Bank (“RMB”) from HTLF Bank (”HTLF”). The RMB branches are located in Billings, Bozeman, Plentywood, Stevensville, and Whitehall. The RMB branches have joined Glacier Bank divisions operating in Montana. The Bank paid a premium of $25,238,000 for deposit relationships with balances of $396,690,000 and loans with balances of $271,569,000, and received cash of $102,019,000 from HTLF. The excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over total identified net assets was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill arising from the acquisition consist largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Company and the acquired branches. The goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes because the acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of assets and assumption of liabilities for tax purposes.

The fair values of the Wheatland and the RMB branch assets acquired include loans with fair values of $452,737,000 and $271,569,000, respectively. The gross principal and contractual interest due under the loans acquired in Wheatland and RMB transactions were $468,882,000 and $288,920,000, respectively. The Company evaluated the loans at each respective acquisition date and determined there were PCD loans of $1,655,000 with an ACL of $3,000 related to the Wheatland acquisition, and no PCD loans from the RMB branch acquisition.

The Company incurred $7,722,000 and $1,889,000 of expenses in connection with the Wheatland and RMB branch acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively. Mergers and acquisition expenses are included in other expense in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and consist of third-party costs and employee severance expenses.

Total income consisting of net interest income and non-interest income of the acquired operations of Wheatland was approximately $30,402,000 and net loss was approximately $6,205,000 from January 31, 2024 to December 31, 2024. Total income consisting of net interest income and non-interest income of the acquired branches of RMB was approximately $6,740,000 and net income was approximately $831,000 from July 19, 2024 to December 31, 2024. The following unaudited pro forma summary presents consolidated information of the Company as if the Wheatland and RMB branch acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2023:


	Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)		December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Net interest income and non-interest income		$	841,031	852,055
Net income		193,161		239,301

- Definition

The entire disclosure for business combination.

+ References

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+ Details

Mergers & Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Business Combination [Abstract]

Consideration transferred, identifiable net assets acquired and resulting goodwill


(Dollars in thousands)	Guaranty October 1, 2025		BOID April 30, 2025	RMB Branches July 19, 2024	Wheatland January 31, 2024
Fair value of consideration transferred
Fair value of Company shares issued	$	559,977	204,986	—	92,385
Cash consideration or deposit premium paid	1		2	25,238	771

Total fair value of consideration transferred	559,978		204,988	25,238	93,156
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Identifiable assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	178,885		26,127	102,019	31,674
Debt securities	607,276		139,974	—	187,183
Loans receivable, net of ACL	2,102,258		1,075,197	271,569	452,737
Core deposit intangible 1	47,813		19,758	11,808	16,936
Accrued income and other assets	162,184		34,284	15,114	51,029
Total identifiable assets acquired	3,098,416		1,295,340	400,510	739,559
Liabilities assumed
Deposits	2,706,741		1,078,377	396,690	616,955
Borrowings	60,466		71,932	4,305	58,500
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	29,451		8,788	2,057	9,094
Total liabilities assumed	2,796,658		1,159,097	403,052	684,549
Total identifiable net assets (liabilities)	301,758		136,243	(2,542)	55,010
Goodwill recognized	$	258,220	68,745	27,780	38,146

______________________________

1 The core deposit intangible for each of the acquisitions were determined to have an estimated life of 10 years.

Unaudited pro forma summary of the acquisitions

The following unaudited pro forma summary presents consolidated information of the Company as if the BOID and Guaranty acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2024:


	Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)		December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Net interest income and non-interest income		$	1,149,736	1,008,933
Net income		257,399		235,311

The following unaudited pro forma summary presents consolidated information of the Company as if the Wheatland and RMB branch acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2023:


	Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)		December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Net interest income and non-interest income		$	841,031	852,055
Net income		193,161		239,301

Cover - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Cover - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2025	Feb. 06, 2026	Jun. 30, 2025
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2025
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-41170
Entity Registrant Name	GLACIER BANCORP, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MT
Entity Tax Identification Number	81-0519541
Entity Address, Address Line One	49 Commons Loop
Entity Address, City or Town	Kalispell,
Entity Address, State or Province	MT
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	59901
City Area Code	(406)
Local Phone Number	756-4200
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	GBCI
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 5,081,362,682
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		130,011,106
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the Proxy Statement for the registrant’s 2026 Annual Meeting of shareholders are incorporated by reference into Parts I and III of this Form 10-K.
Entity Central Index Key	0000868671
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2025
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Operating Activities
Net income	$ 239,028	$ 190,144	$ 222,927
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	71,400	28,306	14,795
Net amortization of debt securities	9,917	13,153	15,506
Net amortization of purchase accounting adjustments and deferred loan fees and costs	(7,980)	(5,983)	(5,347)
Origination of loans held for sale	(779,966)	(665,181)	(435,649)
Proceeds from loans held for sale	792,046	738,134	549,778
Gain on sale of loans	(18,205)	(16,855)	(12,202)
Gain on sale of securities	0	(30)	(1,510)
Bank-owned life insurance income, net	(4,961)	(4,476)	(3,849)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax benefits	6,345	5,694	5,929
Depreciation and amortization	33,027	28,907	27,412
Loss (gain) on dispositions of premises and equipment	224	(5,100)	160
Loss (gain) on sale and write-downs of other real estate owned, net	157	(1,124)	(321)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense	(4,066)	2,608	507
Amortization of core deposit and other intangibles	15,887	12,757	9,731
Amortization of investments in variable interest entities	28,022	24,054	20,515
Net (increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable	(3,687)	877	(10,989)
Net (increase) decrease in other assets	(10,217)	8,856	(9,961)
Net (decrease) increase in accrued interest payable	(6,836)	(93,693)	121,576
Net decrease in operating lease liabilities	(5,756)	(3,418)	(3,500)
Net increase (decrease) in other liabilities	20,020	407	(4,793)
Net cash provided by operating activities	374,399	258,037	500,715
Investing Activities
Sales of debt securities, available-for-sale	318,128	237,502	29,972
Maturities, prepayments and calls of available-for-sale debt securities	1,978,346	609,118	621,878
Purchases of available-for-sale debt securities	(1,127,615)	(50,148)	0
Maturities, prepayments and calls of held-to-maturity debt securities	198,491	204,645	209,909
Purchases of held-to-maturity debt securities	(13,723)	0	0
Termination of interest rate swaps	0	(19,825)	0
Net change in loans	(494,807)	(431,641)	(1,067,407)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	5,327	14,375	251
Net additions to premises and equipment	(26,848)	(48,277)	(49,534)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned	2,963	2,337	391
Proceeds from redemption of equity securities	67,930	149,873	630,584
Purchases of equity securities	(1,693)	(233,288)	(559,601)
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance	3,402	417	1,787
Investments in variable interest entities	(50,485)	(49,631)	(25,722)
Net cash received from acquisitions	205,009	107,684	0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	1,064,425	493,141	(207,492)
Financing Activities
Net increase (decrease) in deposits	259,227	(394,570)	(676,652)
Net increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase	285,744	286,320	540,934
Net decrease in short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(48,000)	(58,500)	(1,800,000)
Proceeds from short-term Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding	0	0	2,740,000
Repayments of short-term Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding	0	(2,740,000)	0
Proceeds from long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances	0	1,800,000	0
Repayments of long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(1,360,000)	0	0
Net (decrease) increase in other borrowed funds	(20,588)	5,149	6,915
Principal payments on finance lease liabilities	(4,050)	(3,852)	(3,588)
Cash dividends paid	(162,736)	(150,034)	(146,690)
Tax withholding payments for stock-based compensation	(2,627)	(1,738)	(1,870)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	1,059	113	75
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(1,051,971)	(1,257,112)	659,124
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	386,853	(505,934)	952,347
Cash, cash equivalents at beginning of period	848,408	1,354,342	401,995
Cash, cash equivalents at end of period	1,235,261	848,408	1,354,342
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid during the period for interest	413,593	528,911	204,397
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	32,160	15,604	27,932
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing Activities
Sale and refinancing of other real estate owned	0	6	22
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned	2,367	879	1,563
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities	12,523	395	1,979
Equity investments obtained in exchange or delayed equity contributions	37,065	33,982	37,068
Dividends declared during the period but not paid	372	388	370
Acquisitions
Fair value of common stock shares issued	764,963	92,385	0
Cash consideration	3	26,009	0
Fair value of assets acquired	4,720,721	1,180,757	0
Liabilities assumed	$ 3,955,755	$ 1,087,601	$ 0

Stock-based Compensation Plan

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-based Compensation Plan

The Company has two stock-based compensation plans in effect at December 31, 2025. The 2015 Stock Incentive Plan expired in April 2025, but still has non-vested restricted stock awards at December 31, 2025. The 2025 Stock Incentive Plan provides incentives and awards to select employees and directors of the Company and permits the granting of stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, unrestricted shares and performance awards. At December 31, 2025, the number of shares available to award to employees and directors under the 2025 Stock Incentive Plan was 1,576,952. Only restricted stock units were issued for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company has awarded restricted stock units to select employees and directors under the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan and 2025 Stock Incentive Plan. Common stock is issued as vesting restrictions lapse, and the restricted stock unit is settled, which may be immediately or according to the terms of a vesting schedule. The vesting is generally zero to three years. Restricted stock units may not be sold, pledged or otherwise transferred until restrictions have lapsed. The recipient does not have the right to vote or to receive dividends until the restricted stock unit has vested and settled, at which time shares are issued with voting rights and dividends accumulated since the date of grant are paid out. The fair value of the restricted stock unit is the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the award date.

Compensation expense related to restricted stock units for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $8,076,000, $7,919,000 and $7,895,000, respectively, and the recognized income tax benefit related to this expense was $2,002,000, $1,973,000 and $1,976,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, total unrecognized compensation expense of $8,262,000 related to restricted stock units is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.

The fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $8,351,000, $7,989,000 and $7,410,000, respectively, and the income tax benefit related to these awards was $2,207,000, $1,602,000 and $1,691,000, respectively. Upon vesting of restricted stock units, the shares are issued from the Company’s authorized stock balance.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2025:


	Restricted Stock Units	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2024	289,508	$	43.70
Granted	184,916	49.16
Vested	(167,849)	46.35
Forfeited	(9,156)	44.41
Non-vested at December 31, 2025	297,419	45.70

The average remaining contractual term on non-vested restricted stock units at December 31, 2025 is 0.9 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of the non-vested restricted stock units at December 31, 2025 was $13,101,000.

Stock Options

During 2025, in connection with the Guaranty acquisition, the Company assumed stock options originally issued under Guaranty’s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan. All shares subject to stock options and per share exercise prices were adjusted as of the acquisition date. Upon exercise of the stock options, the shares are issued from the Company's authorized and unissued common stock. Prior to the Guaranty stock options being assumed, there were 2,365 stock options outstanding from the Company’s 2019 acquisition of Heritage Bank. There were no stock options granted during 2025, 2024, or 2023.

There was no compensation expense related to stock options for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. As of December 31, 2025, there was total unrecognized compensation expense of zero related to stock options.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $607,000, $65,000, and $24,000, respectively, and the income tax benefit related to these exercises was $9,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025 and zero for both 2024 and 2023. Total cash received from options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1,059,000 and $113,000, respectively.

Changes in shares granted for stock options for the year ended December 31, 2025 are summarized as follows:


	Stock Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2024	2,365	$	21.35
Acquisitions	321,027	39.52

Exercised	(37,934)	27.90

Outstanding at December 31, 2025	285,458	29.05
Exercisable at December 31, 2025	285,458	29.05

The average remaining contractual term on outstanding stock options at December 31, 2025 was 5.5 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of the outstanding stock options at December 31, 2025 was $4,281,000.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Termination of interest rate swaps	$ 19,825	$ 0	$ 19,825	$ 0
Interest rate caps
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Derivative, average interest rate cap		3.26%